fumigo

Pronunciation

• IPA (Classical): [ˈfuː.mɪ.ɡoː]^[1]
• IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈfuː.mi.ɡo]^[1]

Forms

fūmigō (present infinitive fūmigāre, perfect active fūmigāvī, supine fūmigātum); first conjugation^[1]

Etymology

It is from Latin fūmus (“smoke”) + -igō.^[2][1] De Vaan traces ⟨fūmus⟩ to Proto-Italic *fūmo-, Proto-Indo-European *dʰuh₂-mó- (“smoke”), cognate with Sanskrit धूम (dhūmá-, “smoke”) and Ancient Greek θυμός (thūmós, “spirit”).^[3]

Earliest recorded meaning

Lewis & Short and Gaffiot cite Varro, of smoking beehives.^[4][5] Köbler dates Varro 116–27 BC.^[6]

Semantic evolution

It meant to treat with smoke, smoke, fumigate, as of beehives in Varro and Columella, and intransitively to smoke.^[2][4][5]

In Ecclesiastical Latin it means to smoke.^[7] It survives as Italian fumigare and Romanian fumega, and English fumigate (1520s) is from it, and English funk may come from a northern Old French descendant.^[1][8]

Timeline

• 116–27 BC – Varro uses it.^[4][6]
• 1st century AD – Columella uses it.^[4][6]
• 1520s – English fumigate is recorded.^[8]

Meanings

Verb

1. To smoke, fumigate.^[2][4]
2. (intransitive) To give off smoke.^[5]

Word family

• fūmigābundus
• fumigium
• suffūmigō,
• fūmigāns

Related words

• fūmus
• fūmō
• English fumigate

References

1. ^ a b c d e Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
3. ^ de Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7, Leiden; Boston: Brill
4. ^ a b c d e Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
5. ^ a b c Gaffiot, Félix (2016), Dictionnaire latin-français, new ed. by Gérard Gréco et al. (Gaffiot 2016), online ed.
6. ^ a b c Köbler, Gerhard (2010), Lateinisches Abkunfts- und Wirkungswörterbuch für Altertum und Mittelalter, online ed., koeblergerhard.de
7. ^ Stelten, Leo F. (1995), Dictionary of Ecclesiastical Latin, Peabody, Mass.: Hendrickson
8. ^ a b Harper, Douglas. Online Etymology Dictionary, https://www.etymonline.com