Latin words first recorded in the 1st century BC

It is formed from Latin vocō (“to call”) + -tus, the action noun of the verb.

It is from Latin volō (“to fly”) + -tus, a verbal noun of the fourth declension.

It is from Latin volūbilis (“rolling, spinning”) + -tās. De Vaan derives the adjective from volvō (“to roll”), with the long ⟨ū⟩ usual in such derivatives; the verb goes back to Proto-Italic…

It is from Latin volūtō (“to roll about”) + -tiō, and volūtō is a frequentative of volvō (“to roll”). De Vaan traces volvō to Proto-Italic *welu-e/o- and Proto-Indo-European *uel-u- (“to wind”), and…

It is from Latin vorō (“to devour”) + -āgō. Wiktionary suggests it may come more directly from vorāx (“devouring”), with the ⟨c⟩ turned into ⟨g⟩ before the nasal suffix. De Vaan takes vorō as a verb…

It is from Latin vōtum (“vow”) + -īvus, from voveō “to vow”. De Vaan traces ⟨voveō⟩ to Proto-Italic *wow-eje/o- (“to promise”), Proto-Indo-European *h₁wogʷʰ-éye- (“to promise”), cognate with…

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek ξυστός (xustós, “covered colonnade”), a covered colonnade in Greek gymnasia, from the adjective ξυστός (xustós, “scraped, smoothed”). Köbler connects it with…

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek ζῳδιακός (zōidiakós, “of the signs”), with κύκλος (kúklos, “circle”) understood, from ζῴδιον (zṓidion, “small figure; sign of the zodiac”), a diminutive of ζῷον…

It is from Latin accēdō (“to approach”) + -tus, the suffix of action nouns. It is also spelled ⟨adcessus⟩.

It is from Latin ad- + cognōscō (“to get to know, recognise”). De Vaan traces ⟨nōscō⟩ to Proto-Italic *gnōske-, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵnh₃-sḱé- (“to know”).

It is from Latin agō (“to drive, do”) + -tiō. The verb agō is from Proto-Italic *ag-e/o- (“to do, act”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eǵ-e/o- (“to drive, lead”).

It is from Latin addō (“to add”) + -tiō.

It is from Latin admīror (“to wonder at, admire”), its gerundive. ⟨admīror⟩ is from ad- and mīror (“to wonder at”).

It is from Latin admittō (“to let in, admit”) + -tiō.

It is an inchoative from Latin ad- + alō (“to nourish”), with the root of the verb, as in prōlēs “offspring”. Lewis and Short connect it with adoleō. The perfect participle adultus is used in an…

1. The adjective “of air” is borrowed from Ancient Greek ἀέρινος (aérinos, “of air”), from ἀήρ (aḗr, “air”). 2. The adjective “of darnel” is borrowed from Ancient Greek αἴρινος (aírinos, “of…

Its origin is uncertain. De Vaan finds the form and function of the suffix unclear if it is Indo-European, and considers a substrate word, perhaps Mediterranean, though a Germanic cognate would then…

It is from Latin alō (“to nourish”) + -mōnia. Alō is *ale/o- (“to feed”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂el-e/o-.

It is from Latin alō (“to nourish”) + -mōnium, with the ending of testimōnium and vadimōnium. De Vaan traces ⟨alō⟩ to Proto-Italic *ale/o- (“to feed”), Proto-Indo-European *h₂el-e/o- (“to nourish”)…

It is from Latin alvus (“belly; beehive”) + -ārium. De Vaan traces ⟨alvus⟩ to Proto-Italic *aulos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ewlo- (“tube, cavity”), with metathesis of ⟨*aulos⟩ to ⟨*alwos⟩.

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek ἀμβροσία (ambrosía, “immortality; food of the gods”). The Greek word is from ἄμβροτος (ámbrotos, “immortal”).

It is from Latin amīca (“female friend, mistress”) + -ula, a diminutive, the feminine of amīculus. ⟨amīcus⟩ is from amō (“to love”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Italic *ama- (“to take, hold”)…

It is from Latin annus (“year”) + vertō (“to turn”) + -ārius: returning with the year.

Its origin is uncertain. Wiktionary and Lewis & Short derive it from an earlier *aperīcus, from aperiō “to open”, and the OLD considers the link possible. Nussbaum, quoted by de Vaan, analyses it as…

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek ἀρχέτυπον (arkhétupon, “original, pattern”), the neuter of ⟨archetypus⟩ used as a noun.

It is a compound from Latin ārdeō (“to burn”) + fētus (“pregnant”), and the TLL thinks Varro coined it from ⟨ardor⟩ and ⟨fētus⟩. De Vaan traces ⟨fētus⟩ to Proto-Italic *fēto-, from…

It is from Latin āridus (“dry”) + -tās, from āreō (“to be dry”). De Vaan traces ⟨āreō⟩ to Proto-Italic *ās-ē- (“to be dry”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eh₁s-eh₁- (“to be dry”).

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek ἄσβεστος (ásbestos, “inextinguishable”). The Greek adjective is from ἀ- (a-, “not”) and σβεστός (sbestós), from σβέννυμι (sbénnumi, “to quench”), from…

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek ἀστρολογία (astrología, “astronomy, astrology”), from ἄστρον (ástron, “star”) and -λογία (-logía, “treating of”).

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek ἀθλητής (athlētḗs, “competitor, champion”), from ἀθλέω (athléō, “to compete for a prize”), from ἆθλος (âthlos, “contest”) or ἆθλον (âthlon, “prize”).

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *awē- (“to be eager”), inherited from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eu-eh₁- (“to enjoy, consume”), a stative verb from the root Proto-Indo-European *h₂ew-. Cognate with…

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *boþjo-. The ⟨di⟩ points to an original voiced aspirate, as in medius, and de Vaan connects it with Old Irish buide (“yellow”), from Proto-Celtic *bod-io-. Because…

It is from Latin bivius (“having two ways”), its neuter, from bi- (“two”) and via “way”, used as a noun. Isidore of Seville explains it simply as a double way.

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek βούτυρον (boútūron, “butter”), literally “cow cheese”, from βοῦς (boûs, “cow”). Lewis and Short report that it was said to be a Scythian word. The form ⟨būtūrum⟩ is…

1. The chisel belongs with caedō “to cut” and caelō “to engrave”. Wiktionary reconstructs Proto-Italic *kaid(s)lom, from Proto-Indo-European *kh₂eyd- (“to cut, hew”). 2. It is inherited from…

It is from Latin caldus + -or, ⟨caldus⟩ being the contracted form of calidus “warm, hot”. De Vaan traces ⟨caleō⟩ to Proto-Italic *kalē-, a stative verb from Proto-Indo-European *ḱlh₁-eh₁- (“to be…

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek καμάρα (kamára, “vaulted chamber”), which Etymonline calls of uncertain origin. Lewis & Short compare κάμπτω (kámptō, “to bend”), and Köbler a root…

It is a diminutive from Latin canālis (“channel, pipe”) + -culus; ⟨canālis⟩ is from canna “reed”, from Ancient Greek κάννα (kánna, “reed”).

It is a diminutive from Latin cancer + -lus (in the sense “lattice”).

It is a diminutive from Latin caput (“head”) + -ellum.

It is a variant from Latin cāpus, the older form, perhaps originally *cappō, the form that Romance continues. The origin is uncertain. Pokorny's dictionary connects it with Old Church Slavonic…

It is from Latin cāsus (“fall, chance, case”) + -ālis.

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek χαρακτήρ (kharaktḗr, “engraved mark, stamp”), from χαράσσω (kharássō, “to engrave”). Manuscripts most often write ⟨caracter⟩. Isidore defines it as the heated iron…

It is from Latin circum- (“around”) + fluō (“to flow”). De Vaan traces ⟨fluō⟩ to Proto-Italic *flow-e/o-, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰlewH- (“to flow”).

It is from Latin circum- (“around”) + iaciō (“to throw”). De Vaan traces ⟨iaciō⟩ to Proto-Italic *jak-i- (“to throw”), from Proto-Indo-European *Hyeh₁- (“to throw, let go”).

It is from Latin claudus (“lame”) + -icō. De Vaan calls the origin of ⟨claudus⟩ uncertain: many connect it with clāvis “bar” and clāva “club”, as “one who goes with a staff”, but the formation is…

It is from Latin claudō (“to shut, close”), its perfect passive participle. De Vaan traces ⟨claudō⟩ to Proto-Italic *klaud-e/o-, from Proto-Indo-European *kleh₂u-d- (“to shut”).

It is from Latin con- (“together”) + alēscō (“to grow”). Varro and Lucretius have contracted forms such as ⟨colēscere⟩ and ⟨coluērunt⟩, and the participle ⟨coalitus⟩ is found only from Tacitus on.

It is from Latin con- + arceō (“to enclose, keep off”). De Vaan reconstructs ⟨arceō⟩ as Proto-Italic *ark-eje/o- (“to contain, keep out”), Proto-Indo-European *h₂(o)rḱ-éye/o- (“to hold”), cognate…

The OLD derives it from Latin colōnia (“colony”) + -cus, and the TLL, Lewis & Short and Gaffiot derive it from colōnus “farmer, settler”. ⟨colōnus⟩ is from colō (“to till, inhabit”), which de Vaan…

It is from Latin con- (“together”) + petō (“to seek, make for”).

1. This noun is from Latin condiō (“to season, preserve”) + -tiō. 2. This noun is from Latin condō (“to put away, found”) + -tiō.

It is from Latin con- (“together”) + sonō (“to sound”). De Vaan traces ⟨sonō⟩ to Proto-Italic *swona-, from Proto-Indo-European *swenH- (“to sound”).

It is from Latin contrahō (“to draw together, contract”) + -tus, the suffix of action nouns.

It is from Latin contrā (“against”) + -ārius.

De Vaan takes it as inherited from Proto-Italic *kom-rig-jo- (“tying together”), from Proto-Indo-European *Hriǵ-(i)o- (“stretching”), the only Latin remnant of the Italo-Celtic compound verbs of…

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *kol(a)mo-, inherited from Proto-Indo-European *ḱolh₂-mo- (“stalk, stem, straw”). Cognate with Ancient Greek κάλαμος (kálamos, “reed, straw”), Russian солома…

It is a Late and Vulgar Latin form, from Latin cūpa (“tub, cask, vat”), the Classical word, perhaps influenced by Frankish ⟨*kopp⟩ “bowl”.

It is from Latin cūrō (“to take care of”) + -tor, ⟨cūrō⟩ being from cūra “care”.

It is a back-formation from Latin dēlīrō (“to be crazy”), literally “to go off the furrow”, from dē- and līra “furrow”.