Latin words first recorded in the 1st century BC

It is from Latin praeter- + volō (“to fly”).

It is from Latin prae- + texō (“to weave”). De Vaan traces texō to Proto-Italic *tekse/o- and Proto-Indo-European *teḱ-s- (“to fashion”), with cognates such as Sanskrit तक्षति (tákṣati, “to hammer…

It is from Latin praetexta (“toga with a purple border”) + -ātus. praetexta is from praetexō (“to weave in front, border”), which is prae- and texō (“to weave”); de Vaan traces texō to Proto-Italic…

1. Used as an adjective, it is the past participle from Latin praetexō (“to weave in front, border”). That verb is prae- (“in front”) with texō (“to weave”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Italic…

It is from Latin praetor (“praetor; general”) + -ium, which the OLD derives from the adjective praetōrius (“of a praetor or general”). De Vaan explains ⟨praetor⟩ as ⟨*prai-itōr⟩, “one who goes…

It is formed from Latin praetor (“praetor, commander”) + -ius. De Vaan derives praetor from ⟨*prai-itōr⟩, “one who goes before”, from prae and eō (“to go”).

It is formed from Latin praetor (“praetor”) + -ūra. De Vaan explains ⟨praetor⟩ as ⟨*prai-itōr⟩, “one who goes before”, from prae- (“before”) and the root of eō (“to go”), from Proto-Indo-European…

It is from Latin praevāricor (“to walk crookedly; to collude”) + -tor. That deponent is formed from prae- (“before”) and vāricō (“to straddle”), which de Vaan lists among the derivatives of vārus…

It is from Latin prae- + vāricō (“to straddle”). De Vaan lists ⟨vāricāre⟩ “to straddle”, attested from Varro, among the derivatives of vārus (“bent outwards, bow-legged”), whose further origin is…

It is from Latin prae- (“before”) + videō (“to see”). De Vaan traces ⟨videō⟩ to Proto-Indo-European *weyd- (“to see”).

It is from Latin prae- + via (“road, way”), with the adjective ending.

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek πραγματικός (pragmatikós, “fit for business, businesslike”), from πρᾶγμα (prâgma, “deed, affair”). Köbler connects it further with πράσσειν (prássein, “to do…

It is from Latin prex (“prayer, request”) + -ārius.

It is from Latin precor (“to pray, ask”) + -tiō. De Vaan lists precor among the derivatives of prex (“prayer, request”), which goes back to Proto-Italic *prek- and Proto-Indo-European *preḱ-…

It is a frequentative, from Latin prehendō (“to grasp”) + -tō. De Vaan traces prehendō to Proto-Italic *χend- (“to seize”) and Proto-Indo-European *gʰ-n(e)-d- (“to grab”), comparing Ancient Greek…

It is from Latin pressus (“pressed; concise”) + -ē. The adjective is the participle of premō (“to press”), which goes back to Proto-Italic *pres- and Proto-Indo-European *pr-es- (“to press”). The…

It is from Latin prīmus (“first”) + pīlus (“maniple of the triarii”), related to pīlum “javelin”.

It is from Latin prīnceps (“first, chief”) + -ālis.

It is formed from Latin prīnceps (“first, chief”) + -ātus. ⟨Prīnceps⟩ is formed from prīmus (“first”) and ⟨-ceps⟩, from capiō (“to take”).

It is formed from Latin prīvō + -tiō, a noun of action from the verb meaning “to deprive”.

It is from Latin prīvus (“one's own, separate”) + -gnus (“born”), with the second part from the root of gignō (“to beget”). The TLL explains the original sense as "born separately", that is, from an…

It is from Latin probābilis + -tās, a word coined by Cicero. Probābilis “credible” comes from probō (“to approve”), and Bianchi & Lelli trace the group to probus (“good, honest”).

It is from Latin probō (“to test, approve”) + -tor. De Vaan traces ⟨probus⟩ “good, upright” to Proto-Italic ⟨*pro-f(w)-o-⟩ “favourable”, from ⟨*pro-⟩ and Proto-Indo-European *bʰuH- (“to be”)…

It is from Latin probrum (“disgrace, reproach”) + -ōsus. De Vaan explains probrum as an old adjective ⟨*pro-fro-⟩, from Proto-Italic *pro-fr-o- and the root Proto-Indo-European *bʰr- (“to bring”)…

It is from Latin prōcērus (“tall”) + -tās. De Vaan traces the base of that adjective to Proto-Italic *k(r)ēro- and Proto-Indo-European *kreh₁-ro- (“growing”), connecting it, against Schrijver's…

It is from Latin prōcēdō (“to go forward”) + -tus, the suffix of action nouns.

It is from Latin prō- + cingō (“to gird”) + -tus, an action noun belonging to the verb prōcingō (“to gird up”).

It is from Latin prō- (“forth”) + clāmō (“to shout”). De Vaan explains clāmō as made from a noun meaning shout, Proto-Italic *klām-o/ā-, from Proto-Indo-European *klh₁-m(o)-.

It is from Latin prō- (“forward”) + crāstinus (“of tomorrow”), from crās “tomorrow”, with the verb suffix -ō. The TLL says it was formed after other verbs of delay with ⟨prō-⟩, such as prōferō…

It is from Latin prōcūrō (“to take care of, manage”) + -tiō. prōcūrō is prō- and cūrō (“to care for”), from cūra (“care”), whose origin de Vaan finds uncertain: it may go back to Proto-Italic *kois-…

It is from Latin prōdigus (“wasteful, extravagant”) + -ē. De Vaan lists prōdigus and prōdigō (“to waste, squander”) among the derivatives of agō (“to drive”), which goes back to Proto-Italic…

It is from Latin profiteor (“to declare publicly”) + -tiō.

Used as an adjective, it is the perfect participle from Latin prōflīgō (“to strike down, overthrow”). That verb is a compound of prō- and flīgō (“to strike”), a verb de Vaan finds in Livius…

Used as an adjective, it is the perfect participle from Latin profundō (“to pour forth”), so first “poured out”. That verb is prō- with fundō “to pour”, which de Vaan traces to Proto-Italic…

It is from Latin prōgredior (“to go forward”) + -tiō.

It is from Latin progredior (“to go forward”) + -tus. prōgredior is from prō- and gradior “to step”.

It is from Latin prohibeō (“to hold back, prevent, forbid”) + -tiō. Late manuscripts sometimes write ⟨proib-⟩ or ⟨-bici-⟩.

It is from Latin prōiciō + -tiō, a noun of action.

Used as an adjective, it is the perfect passive participle from Latin prōiciō (“to throw forward”). That verb is a compound of prō- and iaciō (“to throw”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Italic…

It is from Latin prō- (“forth”) and ⟨*-olēs⟩ “growth”, as in subolēs and indolēs, from the root of adolēscō “to grow up”.

It is from Latin prō- + lūdō (“to play”). De Vaan traces lūdō to Proto-Italic *loid-e/o- (“to play”) and Proto-Indo-European *loid- (“to let go often, play”); cognate with Lithuanian léisti (“to…

It is from Latin prōmptus (“ready, prompt”) + -ē, the adverb of the adjective. The adjective is the participle of prōmō (“to bring out”), which de Vaan derives from emō in its older sense to take…

It is from Latin prōmulgō (“to make publicly known”) + -tiō, a noun of action. De Vaan takes prōmulgō as a factitive verb to mulgeō (“to milk”), “to milk forth” and so “to make known”; he traces…

The OLD calls its origin doubtful and Lewis & Short unknown. De Vaan takes it as a factitive verb from Latin mulgeō (“to milk”), “to milk forth”, hence “to make known”, and Etymonline, after Palmer…

It is from Latin prōnūntiō (“to proclaim, pronounce”) + -tiō. That verb is formed from prō- and nūntiō (“to announce”), itself from nūntius (“messenger”). De Vaan reconstructs ⟨*nountio-⟩ for that…

It is from Latin prōpositus, its neuter, ⟨prōpositus⟩ being the perfect passive participle of prōpōnō (“to put forward, set before”), used as a noun: “what has been set before one”. ⟨prōpōnō⟩ is…

It is from Latin proprius (“one's own, peculiar”) + -tās. De Vaan finds most likely Forssman's derivation of proprius from Proto-Indo-European *priH-o- (“own, dear”), through a verb with the prefix…

It is from Latin prōpugnō (“to fight in defence”) + -culum. prōpugnō is from pugnō (“to fight”); de Vaan treats pugna and pugnus (“fist”) under pungō (“to prick”), which he traces to Proto-Italic…

It is from Latin prōpugnō (“to fight in defence”) + -tor, from prō- and pugnō (“to fight”), from pugna (“fight”).

It is from Latin prō- + pugnō (“to fight”). De Vaan derives pugnō from pugna (“fight”), from the root of pungō (“to prick”) and pugnus (“fist”), which he traces to Proto-Italic *pung- and…

It is formed from Latin prō- (“before, in front”) + scrībō (“to write”), literally “to write in front of”. De Vaan derives ⟨scrībō⟩ from Proto-Italic *skreif-e/o- (“to carve”) and…

It is from Latin prōscrībō (“to publish, proscribe”) + -tiō. ⟨prōscrībō⟩ is from scrībō (“to write”), which de Vaan derives from Proto-Italic *skreif-e/o- (“to carve”) and Proto-Indo-European…

It is the frequentative from Latin prōspiciō (“to look forward”) + -tō, from prō- and speciō “to look”. De Vaan traces ⟨speciō⟩ to Proto-Italic *spekje/o-, Proto-Indo-European *spéḱ-ye/o- (“to…

It is from Latin prosperus (“favourable, prosperous”) + -tās.

It is from Latin prō- + tendō (“to stretch”). The TLL compares Ancient Greek προτείνω (proteínō, “to stretch forth”). De Vaan traces tendō to Proto-Italic *tend- and Proto-Indo-European *ten-d(ʰ)-…

It is formed from Latin prō (“in front of; in proportion to”) + ut (“as”). De Vaan derives ⟨prō⟩ from Proto-Italic *prō and Proto-Indo-European *pro (“in front of, before”), cognate with Oscan pru…

1. The adjective “advanced” is from Latin prōvehō (“to carry forward”), its past participle used as an adjective. 2. The noun “advancement” is from Latin prōvehō + -tus, a noun of action, formed…

It is formed from Latin prō- + verbum (“word”) + -ium. Etymonline renders it literally “words put forward”. Verbum is *werþo- (“word”), from Proto-Indo-European *uerh₁-dʰh₁-o- (“making a statement”).

It is from Latin prōvideō (“to foresee, provide”) + -us. prōvideō is from prō- and videō (“to see”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Italic *wid-ē- (“to see”) and Proto-Indo-European *wid-eh₁- (“to…

It is from Latin prōvincia (“province”) + -ālis.