Latin words first recorded in the 1st century BC

It is from Latin prōvideō (“to foresee, provide”) + -tiō.

It is formed from Latin prūdēns (“foreseeing, skilled”) + -ia. prūdēns is a contraction of ⟨*prōvidēns⟩, from prōvideō (“to foresee”); de Vaan derives videō from Proto-Indo-European *wid-éh₁- (“to…

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek ψήφισμα (psḗphisma, “decree of an assembly”), a noun from ψηφίζω (psēphízō, “to count with pebbles; to put to the vote, decide”), itself from ψῆφος (psêphos…

It is from Latin pūbēs (“adult; signs of manhood”) + -tās. The TLL thinks it was formed on the model of ūbertās (“fertility”). De Vaan lists it among the derivatives of that word (from Cicero on)…

It is from Latin pūblicō (“to confiscate, make public”) + -tiō, from pūblicus “public”.

It is from Latin pūblicus (“public”).

It is a diminutive from Latin puer (“boy”) + -ulus. The base goes back to Proto-Italic *puwero-; de Vaan reconstructs Proto-Indo-European *ph2u-ero- (“smaller”), but since this would probably have…

It is from Latin pugnō (“to fight”) + -āx. De Vaan derives pugnō from pugna (“fight”) and pugnus (“fist”), which belong with pungō (“to prick”); he traces them to Proto-Italic *puk/g-n(o)- (“fist”)…

It is from Latin poena (“penalty”) + -iō, with archaic ⟨poeniō⟩. The TLL notes that a verb in ⟨-āre⟩ would be expected from ⟨poena⟩, so that some connect the form in ⟨-īre⟩ with an old adverb…

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek πυραμίς (puramís, “pyramid”), which is probably of foreign origin; Lewis & Short and Köbler take it to be Egyptian, and Etymonline an alteration of an Egyptian…

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek Πύρρος (Púrrhos). Köbler calls its further origin unclear, perhaps from the Greek adjective for “flame-coloured, red”; Etymonline takes the name to mean “reddish”…

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek πυξίς (puxís, “box of boxwood”), from πύξος (púxos, “box tree”), a word Köbler and Etymonline call of unknown origin. It is also spelled ⟨puxis⟩, as in Juvenal, and…

It is from Latin quadrātus, its neuter, ⟨quadrātus⟩ being the participle of quadrō “to make square”, from quadrus and quattuor “four”. De Vaan traces ⟨quattuor⟩ to Proto-Indo-European *kʷetwṓr…

It is from Latin quadringentī (“four hundred”) + -iēs (“-fold, times”), the multiplicative adverb of the numeral. The numeral itself is a compound of quattuor (“four”) and centum (“hundred”).

It is formed from Latin quadri- (“four”) + rēmus (“oar”) + -is. De Vaan traces rēmus to Proto-Italic *rē(s)mo- (“oar”) and Proto-Indo-European *h₁reh₁-(s)mo- (“oar”).

It is from Latin quadrus (“square”), from quattuor “four”. De Vaan reconstructs quattuor as Proto-Italic *kwetwōr, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷétuōr (“four”), and follows Schrijver in explaining…

It is from Latin quaerō (“to seek, inquire”) + -tor, from the perfect stem ⟨quaesīt-⟩; Wiktionary compares quaestor, made from the present stem. De Vaan traces the verb to Proto-Italic *kʷai-s-e/o-…

Used as an adjective, it is the past participle from Latin quaerō (“to seek”).

It is from Latin quaestiō (“inquiry, question”) + -culus, a diminutive. quaestiō is derived from quaerō (“to seek, ask”), whose further origin is uncertain; de Vaan prefers Nussbaum's link with…

It is from Latin quaestor + -ius. De Vaan derives quaestor from quaerō “to seek”; the Oscan and Umbrian words for quaestor, such as Oscan kvaísstur, are loans from Latin.

It is formed from Latin quaestor + -ūra. The office-holder's title is from quaerō (“to seek, inquire”), and de Vaan notes that the Oscan and Umbrian words for quaestor are loans from Latin, with…

It is from Latin quālis (“of what kind”) + -cumque. Wiktionary tentatively traces quālis to Proto-Indo-European *kʷh₂élis.

It was coined by Cicero from Latin quālis (“of what kind”) + -tās as a calque of Ancient Greek ποιότης (poiótēs, “quality”).

It is from Latin quantulus (“how small”) + -cumque. quantulus is the diminutive of quantus (“how great”).

It is formed from Latin quantus (“how great”) + -cumque (“-ever”).

It is from Latin queror (“to complain”) + -tus, an action noun. De Vaan reconstructs ⟨queror⟩ as Proto-Italic ⟨*kʷes-e/o-⟩ and reports the derivation from Proto-Indo-European *ḱwes- (“to hiss…

It is from Latin quiētus (“at rest, quiet”) + -ē, the adverb of the adjective.

It is from Latin quīngentī (“five hundred”) + -ēnī, with the distributive suffix. De Vaan lists the cardinal among the derivatives of quīnque (“five”), which goes back to Proto-Italic *kʷenkʷe and…

It is formed from Latin quīnque (“five”) + annus (“year”) + -ium, or from the adjective quīnquennis (“five years old”). De Vaan traces quīnque to Proto-Italic *kʷenkʷe and Proto-Indo-European…

It is from Latin quīnque (“five”) + rēmus (“oar”) + -is.

It is from Latin quīntus (“fifth”) + -īlis, as the fifth month counted from March, the first month of the older Roman year. As a noun it stands for Quīntīlis mēnsis (“the fifth month”).

It is from Latin quīdam (“a certain”) + modus (“manner”), the ablative phrase ⟨quōdam modō⟩ “in a certain manner”, written as one word or separately. Modus goes back to Proto-Italic *medo-…

It is from Latin quotiēns (“how often, as often as”) + -cumque. quotiēns is made from quot (“how many”), which goes back to Proto-Italic *kwoti and Proto-Indo-European *kwe/o-ti (“how many”).

It is from Latin rapiō (“to seize, snatch”) + -tus, a verbal noun. De Vaan traces rapiō to Proto-Italic *rap-i- (“to seize”) and Proto-Indo-European *h₁rp-i- (“to seize”), comparing Ancient Greek…

It is from Latin rārus (“loose, sparse, rare”) + -tās. De Vaan finds no convincing origin for rārus.

It is from Latin ratiō (“reckoning, reason”) + -cinor, which is generally traced to canō “to sing, recite”; compare vāticinor and sermōcinor. De Vaan derives ⟨ratiō⟩ from ⟨ratus⟩, the participle of…

It is from Latin rebellō (“to renew a war, revolt”) + -iō, itself from re- (“again”) and bellō (“to wage war”).

It is from Latin receptō (“to take back, receive”) + -culum, the frequentative of recipiō “to receive”, from re- and capiō “to take”. De Vaan traces ⟨capiō⟩ to Proto-Italic *kap-i- (“to seize”)…

It is from Latin recipiō (“to take back, receive”) + -tor. Manuscripts sometimes confuse it with praeceptor.

1. The noun is from Latin recipiō (“to take back, receive”) + -tus. The verb is formed with re- on capiō (“to take”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Italic *kap-i- (“to seize”), either from…

The noun is from Latin recēdō (“to go back, withdraw”) + -tus. De Vaan follows Lubotsky in tracing cēdō to Proto-Italic *kesd-e/o- (“to go away, avoid”) and Proto-Indo-European *ḱiesdʰ- (“to drive…

It is from Latin re- (“back, again”) + canō (“to sing”), with the vowel weakened as in other compounds of the verb. De Vaan traces canō to Proto-Indo-European *kh2n-e- (“to sing”).

The OLD derives it from Latin recipiō (“to take back”), comparing tolerō for the ending; Wiktionary also gives ⟨recipiō⟩. De Vaan treats it under capiō (“to take, seize”) and explains ⟨recuperāre⟩…

It is from Latin recitō (“to read aloud”) + -tiō. recitō is a compound of re- and citō (“to summon, call”), the frequentative that replaced cieō (“to set in motion”).

It is from Latin recitō (“to read aloud”) + -tor. That verb is formed with re- from citō (“to set in motion, summon”), which de Vaan lists among the derivatives of cieō (“to move, stir up”).

It is formed from Latin re- (“back”) and a verb ⟨*clīnō⟩ “to bend”, found only in compounds such as acclīnō. De Vaan traces ⟨-clīnō⟩ to Proto-Italic *kl(e)in-e/o- and Proto-Indo-European *ḱl-n(e)-i-…

It is from Latin re- (“again”) + cognōscō (“to get to know”). A military diploma spells it ⟨recoc-⟩.

It is from Latin reconciliō (“to bring together again”) + -tiō. De Vaan lists the verb and concilium under calō (“to call”), which he traces to Proto-Indo-European *kelh₁- (“to call”).

Used as an adjective, it is the past participle from Latin recondō (“to put away, store away”). That verb is a compound of re- and condō (“to put away, store”).

It is from Latin re- (“again”) + coquō (“to cook”). coquō goes back to Proto-Italic *kʷekʷe/o- (“to cook”) and Proto-Indo-European *pekʷ-e/o- (“to cook”). Cognate with Sanskrit पचन्ति (pácanti…

It is from Latin recordor (“to call to mind”) + -tiō. De Vaan lists recordor among the compounds of cor (“heart”), which he traces to Proto-Italic *kord and Proto-Indo-European *ḱḗrd (“heart”).

It is from Latin re- + crūdēscō (“to become raw”). That verb is formed on crūdus (“raw”), which de Vaan reconstructs, with a question mark, as Proto-Italic *krowoþo- from Proto-Indo-European…

It is formed from Latin regō (“to guide, rule”) + -tor. De Vaan traces ⟨regō⟩ to Proto-Italic *rege/o- and Proto-Indo-European *h₃reǵ-e/o- (“to stretch, direct”), and compares Old Irish a·t·raig…

It is from Latin recūsō (“to object, reject”) + -tiō. The OLD derives recūsō from re- and causa (“cause, case”), and de Vaan lists the verb among the derivatives of that noun, whose further origin…

It is from Latin redimo (“to buy back”) + -tiō. redimō is from re- and emō “to buy, take”. The TLL records the spellings redemtio and redimtio in inscriptions.

The origin is uncertain. De Vaan notes that its isolated position makes an etymology hard to establish; it has been analysed as ⟨red-im-⟩ and connected with Sanskrit यमति (yamati), as the OLD also…

It is apparently from Latin redivia (“hangnail”), a form of reduvia (“loose piece of skin round the nail”), with the suffix -īvus. De Vaan lists it beside that noun among the derivatives of -uō (“to…

It is from Latin redūcō (“to bring back”) + -tiō.

It is from Latin redūcō (“to lead back, draw back”): its perfect passive participle, used as an adjective. That verb is a compound of re- and dūcō (“to lead”), which goes back to Proto-Indo-European…

It is formed from Latin redundāns (“overflowing”) + -ia, from the present participle of redundō (“to overflow”).