Latin words first recorded in the 1st century BC

It is from Latin īnfrequēns (“not crowded, few in number”) + -ia. The adjective is formed from in- (“not”) and frequēns (“crowded”).

The origin is uncertain. Wiktionary suggests it may be related to fīlum (“thread”), with an older form ⟨īnfila⟩; Lewis & Short compared Sanskrit भाल (bhāla, “brow”) and Ancient Greek φάλος (phálos)…

It is from Latin ingemō (“to groan over”) + -īscō, an inchoative verb. ingemō is a compound of in- and gemō (“to groan”), whose origin de Vaan thinks uncertain: most scholars connect it with Ancient…

It is from Latin in- (“in”) + generō (“to beget, produce”), and that verb is formed from genus (“birth, race, kind”), which goes back to Proto-Indo-European *ǵénh₁os, from the root *ǵenh₁- (“to…

1. In the sense “inborn”, it is the participle from Latin ingignō (“to implant”). That verb is a compound of in- (“in”) and gignō (“to beget”); the OLD notes that it occurs mostly as this…

It is from Latin ingenuus (“freeborn; noble, frank”) + -ē. De Vaan lists the adjective, which he records from Plautus, among the derivatives of gignō (“to beget”); Wiktionary takes it, with some…

It is from Latin ingenuus (“freeborn; noble”) + -tās.

It is formed from Latin in- (“not”) + glōria (“glory”) + -us, the adjective ending. Wiktionary analyses it as ⟨in-⟩ with a ⟨glōrius⟩.

It is from Latin in- + gravēscō (“to grow heavy”), from gravis (“heavy”). Wiktionary analyses it as ingravō with the inchoative suffix -ēscō. De Vaan traces gravis to Proto-Italic *gʷra(w)u- and…

It is from Latin ingredior (“to step in, enter”) + -tus, a fourth-declension noun of action. ingredior is a compound of in- and gradior (“to step, go”).

It is from Latin in- (“in”) + haereō (“to stick”). De Vaan reconstructs ⟨haereō⟩ as Proto-Italic *xais-ē- and finds no credible further etymology.

It is formed from Latin in- + hālō (“to breathe”), “to breathe on”.

It is formed from Latin inhibeō (“to restrain, hold back”) + -tiō.

It is from Latin inhūmānus (“inhuman, uncivil”) + -tās. inhūmānus is the negative of hūmānus (“human”), which de Vaan derives from homō (“man”); he traces this to Proto-Italic *χem-ō and…

It is formed from Latin inīquus (“uneven, unfair”) + -tās. ⟨Inīquus⟩ is the negative of aequus (“level, fair”), which de Vaan traces to ⟨*aikwos⟩ but finds no convincing etymology for.

It is from Latin in- (“not”) + iūcundus (“pleasant”). De Vaan lists iūcundus (“agreeable”) among the derivatives of iuvō (“to help”), which he traces to Proto-Indo-European *h1i-h1euH-(e/o-) (“to…

It is from Latin in- (“in, on”) + natō (“to swim”). De Vaan explains natō as built on an old participle of nō (“to swim”), which goes back to Proto-Italic *(s)nāje/o- (“to swim”) and…

It is from Latin in- + nō (“to swim”). De Vaan traces nō to Proto-Italic *(s)nāje/o- and Proto-Indo-European *(s)neh₂- (“to swim, float”); cognate with Ancient Greek νήχω (nḗkhō, “to swim”) and Old…

It is from Latin in- + novō (“to make new”), from novus “new”. An inscription has ⟨inō-⟩.

It is formed from Latin in- + numerābilis (“countable”). ⟨Numerābilis⟩ comes from numerō (“to count”), from numerus (“number”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Italic *nomeso- and the root…

It is from Latin in- (“not”) + nūptus (“married”), the second part being the participle of nūbō (“to marry (of a woman)”). De Vaan finds no secure etymology for that verb.

It is formed from Latin in- (“not”) + opīnātus, the participle of opīnor (“to suppose, expect”). De Vaan finds no convincing origin for opīnor; its traditional link with optō (“to choose”) is weak…

It is from Latin in- (“not”) + ōrdinātus (“arranged”), the negative of the participle of ōrdinō (“to arrange”).

It is from Latin in- (“not”) + ōrnātus (“adorned”), the participle of ōrnō (“to adorn”) with the negative prefix. De Vaan takes ōrnō to be the original verb made from ōrdō (“row, order”).

It is from Latin in- (“in”) + colō (“to inhabit”) + -īnus, built on an old stem ⟨*quil-⟩ of the verb rather than on ⟨col-⟩. De Vaan notes that the word is not recorded before Cicero; if it is old…

It is from Latin inquinō (“to defile, pollute”), its participle used as an adjective.

It is from Latin inquīrō (“to search for, inquire into”) + -tor, an agent noun formed on the participle stem ⟨inquīsīt-⟩. The verb is a compound of in- and quaerō (“to seek”).

It is from Latin in- + sānābilis (“curable”), from sānō (“to heal”).

It is from Latin īnsciēns (“not knowing”) + -ia, like scientia beside sciēns. īnsciēns is formed from in- (“not”) and sciō (“to know”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Italic *skije/o- (“to know”) and…

It is formed from Latin in- + sciō (“to know”) + -us, the adjective ending, beside scius (“knowing”) and nescius (“not knowing”). De Vaan thinks ⟨sciō⟩ is probably a back-formation from nesciō, from…

It is from Latin in- + scalpō (“to scratch, carve”), with the vowel of sculpō; Wiktionary takes that verb as its base instead. Forms with scalp- are also found, as in an inscription, and the TLL…

It is from Latin in- + sequor (“to follow”). De Vaan traces sequor to Proto-Indo-European *sekʷ- (“to follow, accompany”).

It is from Latin in- + sedeō (“to sit”). De Vaan traces sedeō to the stative Proto-Indo-European *sed-eh₁- (“to be seated”).

It is from Latin īnsidiōsus (“treacherous, cunning”) + -ē. The adjective comes from īnsidiae (“ambush, trap”), which de Vaan lists among the derivatives of sedeō (“to sit”); that verb goes back to…

It is from Latin īnsidiae (“ambush, plot”) + -ōsus. īnsidiae is from īnsideō (“to sit in, occupy”), from in and sedeō (“to sit”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Italic *sed-ē- and Proto-Indo-European…

It is from Latin īnsignis (“marked, distinguished”), its neuter, from in- and signum “mark”, used as a noun.

It is from Latin īnsignis (“conspicuous, remarkable”) + -ter, the adverb of the adjective. The adjective is derived from signum (“mark, sign”), which goes back to Proto-Italic *sekno- (“statue…

It is from Latin īnserō (“to sow in, graft”), its past participle, used as an adjective. De Vaan lists ⟨īnserō⟩ “to plant, graft” under serō (“to sow”), from Proto-Italic *si-se/o- (“to sow”) and…

It is from Latin īnsolēns (“unaccustomed; haughty”) + -ter. The adjective is the negative ⟨in-⟩ added to the present participle of soleō (“to be accustomed”), whose etymology de Vaan calls disputed.

It is formed from Latin in- (“not”) + solitus (“accustomed”), the participle of soleō (“to be accustomed”). The origin of ⟨soleō⟩ is disputed: de Vaan rejects a link with suēscō (“to become used…

It is from Latin in- (“not”) + somnus (“sleep”) + -ium, which gives the sense “sleeplessness”; in the sense “dream” it was understood as ⟨in⟩ “in” with somnium (“dream”), on the model of Ancient…

It is from Latin īnstō (“to stand on, press on, be at hand”), its present participle, from in- and stō “to stand”.

It is from Latin īnstāns + -ia, ⟨īnstāns⟩ being the present participle of īnstō “to stand on, press on, be at hand”.

It is from Latin in- and a verb *staurāre, as in restaurō. De Vaan derives the base from Proto-Italic *stauro- (“big, strong”), from Proto-Indo-European *sth₂u-ro- (“big, strong”), so that it first…

1. The participle is from Latin īnstinguō (“to incite, impel”), a verb made from in- and a verb ⟨*stinguō⟩ also found in distinguō. Walde and Hofmann connected it with īnstīgō and a root…

It is from Latin in- + stinguō (“to push, prick”). De Vaan traces stinguō to Proto-Indo-European *stengʷ-e/o- (“to push, thrust”), cognate with Umbrian anstintu (“let him attach”); he reconstructs a…

It is from Latin īnstruō (“to equip, arrange”) + -tor. De Vaan traces ⟨struō⟩ to Proto-Italic *strow-e/o-, from Proto-Indo-European *strew-e/o- (“to strew”).

It is from Latin in- + sūmō (“to take”). sūmō is formed from sub- and emō (“to take, buy”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Italic *eme/o- (“to take”) and Proto-Indo-European *h₁em-e/o- (“to take”).

It is from Latin in- + susurrō (“to whisper”). De Vaan lists the simple verb, from Terence on, as a derivative of susurrus (“whisper, soft rustling”), which he takes to be onomatopoeic, imitating…

It is from Latin integer (“untouched, whole”) + -ē, an adverb. De Vaan derives integer from Proto-Italic *ntagro- (“untouched”), a negated adjective from the root of tangō (“to touch”)…

It is from Latin integer (“untouched, whole”) + -tās.

It is from Latin intellegō (“to understand”) + -tus, the suffix of action nouns.

It is from Latin intemperāns (“intemperate”) + -ter. intemperāns is the negative of temperāns, from temperō (“to moderate”), which de Vaan derives from the s-stem of tempus (“time”), traced to…

It is from Latin intemperāns (“unrestrained”) + -ia. The adjective is in- with temperāns (“moderate”), the participle of temperō (“to restrain, moderate”), which de Vaan derives from tempus…

It is from Latin in- + temperātus (“tempered, controlled”). The adjective is the participle of temperō (“to restrain, blend”), which de Vaan derives from an older ⟨*tempes-āi̯e-⟩, a verb from the…

It is from Latin intempestīvus (“untimely”) + -ē. De Vaan lists that adjective, attested from Plautus, among the derivatives of tempus (“time”), built like tempestīvus (“timely”) on its old s-stem.

It is from Latin intendō (“to stretch out, aim”) + -tō, a frequentative formed on the supine stem ⟨intent-⟩. The verb is in- with tendō (“to stretch”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Italic *tend-…

It is formed from Latin intercipiō (“to intercept, take away”) + -tiō.

It is from Latin intercēdō (“to come between, intervene”) + -tor. intercēdō is a compound of inter (“between”) and cēdō (“to go”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Italic *kesd-e/o- (“to go away…

It is from Latin interficiō (“to kill”) + -tor. The verb is inter- with faciō (“to make, do”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Italic *fak-i- and to the root Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁- (“to put”)…