Latin words first recorded in the 1st century BC

It is formed from Latin in- (“not”) + audītus (“heard”), the participle of audiō (“to hear”); Lewis and Short and Wiktionary also take it as the participle of inaudiō (“to hear of”). De Vaan…

It is from Latin in- + aurum (“gold”) + -ō, a verb like dēaurō. De Vaan traces aurum to Proto-Italic *auso- and Driessen's Proto-Indo-European *h₂é-h₂us-o- (“glow”), comparing Lithuanian áuksas…

It is from Latin incautus (“incautious”) + -ē. incautus is formed from in- (“not”) and cautus (“careful”), the participle of caveō (“to beware”).

It is formed from Latin in- (“not”) + cautus (“careful, wary”), the participle of caveō (“to beware”). De Vaan derives ⟨caveō⟩ from Proto-Italic *kawē- and Proto-Indo-European *kouh₁-éie- (“to…

1. This is the perfect participle of incendō “to set on fire”, from in- and ⟨*cendō⟩, related to candeō “to shine, glow”. De Vaan traces ⟨candeō⟩ to Proto-Italic *kand-ē- (“to shine”). 2. This is…

It is from Latin in- + castus (“pure, chaste”), with the vowel weakened; the grammarian Marius Victorinus notes that this adjective gives ⟨incestus⟩, not ⟨incastus⟩. The noun is formed from the…

It is formed from Latin incīdō (“to cut into”) + -tiō.

It is from Latin incitō (“to urge on”) + -mentum. incitō is formed from in- and citō (“to set in motion”), which de Vaan derives from cieō (“to set in motion”), with the participle Proto-Italic…

Used as an adjective, it is the past participle from Latin incitō (“to set in rapid motion, rouse”). incitō is formed from in- and citō (“to set in motion”), which de Vaan derives from cieō (“to…

It is from Latin inclīnō (“to bend, incline”) + -tiō. A gloss of Jerome explains the name Lot as “inclination”.

It is the participle from Latin inclīnō (“to cause to lean, bend”), used as an adjective. inclīnō is a compound of in- and ⟨-clīnō⟩, which de Vaan traces to Proto-Italic *kl(e)in-e/o- and…

It is from Latin in- + claudō (“to shut”). Claudō is *klaud-e/o-, from Proto-Indo-European *kleh₂u-d- (“to shut”), related to clāvis “key”.

It is from Latin inclūdō (“to shut in”) + -tiō. The verb is made from in- and claudō (“to shut”).

It is from Latin in- (“not”) + cognitus, participle of cognōscō “to get to know”. De Vaan traces ⟨nōscō⟩ to Proto-Indo-European *ǵneh₃- (“to know”).

It is from Latin in- + cōmptus (“dressed, adorned”), the participle of cōmō (“to arrange, dress the hair”).

It is from Latin in- (“not”) + cōnstāns (“steady, constant”). The second part is the present participle of cōnstō (“to stand firm”), a compound of con- and stō (“to stand”).

It is from Latin incōnstāns (“inconstant”) + -ia. incōnstāns is the negative of cōnstāns (“steady”), from cōnstō (“to stand firm”), a compound of stō (“to stand”). De Vaan traces stō to Proto-Italic…

It is from Latin incōnsultus (“ill-advised, rash”) + -ē. That adjective is made from cōnsultus, from cōnsulō (“to deliberate”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Italic *kom-se/ol-e/o- (“to consult”).

It is formed from Latin in- (“not”) + corruptus (“spoiled”), ⟨corruptus⟩ being the participle of corrumpō (“to spoil, corrupt”). De Vaan traces ⟨rumpō⟩, the base of that verb, to Proto-Italic…

It is from Latin incrēdibilis (“incredible”) + -ter. The adjective is the negative of crēdibilis (“believable”), made from crēdō (“to believe”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Italic *krezde/o- and…

It is from Latin incrēscō (“to grow, increase”) + -mentum, from in- and crēscō (“to grow”). The verb crēscō goes back to Proto-Italic *krē- (“to grow”) and Proto-Indo-European *k(ʷ)reh₁- (“to become…

It is from Latin in- (“in”) + calcō (“to tread”), from calx “heel”.

It is formed from Latin in- (“in, against”) + currō (“to run”). De Vaan derives ⟨currō⟩ from Proto-Italic *korse- (“to run”) and Proto-Indo-European *kr̥s-e- (“to run”), from the root *kers-…

It is from Latin incurrō (“to run into, attack”) + -tus, a verbal noun of the fourth declension. The verb is from in- and currō (“to run”), which goes back to Proto-Italic *korse/o- (“to run”) and…

It is from Latin incurvus (“bent, crooked”) + -ō; the TLL derives it from in- and curvus (“curved”) or curvō (“to bend”). De Vaan calls the origin of curvus uncertain, reconstructing Proto-Italic…

It is from Latin in- (“not”) + decōrus (“seemly”). De Vaan derives decōrus from Proto-Italic *dekōs-o- (“with beauty”), built on the noun decor, itself formed to decet (“it is fitting”); he dates…

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek Ἰνδία (Indía), from Ἰνδός (Indós, “the Indus river”), which goes back through Old Persian and Proto-Iranian *hínduš to Proto-Indo-Iranian *síndʰuš (“river”), of…

It is from Latin in- + differēns (“differing”), the present participle of differō. Cicero made it as a rendering of Ancient Greek ἀδιάφορος (adiáphoros, “indifferent”): he writes that it occurred to…

It is from Latin indigēns (“needy”) + -ia, from indigeō “to need”, from ⟨indu-⟩ and egeō “to lack”. De Vaan traces ⟨egeō⟩ to Proto-Indo-European *h₁eǵ-es- (“lack, need”), cognate with Oscan ⟨egmo⟩…

It is from Latin indignor (“to regard as unworthy, resent”) + -tiō. That verb is from indignus (“unworthy”), in- with dignus (“worthy”). De Vaan traces dignus to Proto-Italic *dek-no- (“worthy”) and…

It is formed from Latin indignus (“unworthy”) + -ō, the verbal suffix. ⟨Indignus⟩ is the negative of dignus (“worthy”), which de Vaan derives from the root of decet (“it is fitting”), Proto-Italic…

It is formed from Latin in- + distīnctus (“distinguished”), the past participle of distinguō (“to distinguish”).

It is from Latin in- (“not”) + dīviduus (“divisible”), from dīvidō “to divide”.

It is from Latin in- + doleō (“to feel pain”) + -scō. Wiktionary also analyses it as ⟨in-⟩ with dolēscō. De Vaan traces doleō to Proto-Italic *dolē- (“to cause pain”) and Proto-Indo-European…

It is from Latin in- + dormiō (“to sleep”). dormiō goes back to Proto-Italic *dormje/o- and Proto-Indo-European *drm-i̯e- (“to sleep”), and is cognate with Ancient Greek δαρθάνω (darthánō, “to fall…

1. The adjective “alien” is from Latin indūcō (“to lead in, bring in”): its past participle, used as an adjective. 2. The noun “inducement” is from Latin indūcō (“to lead in, induce”) + -tus, a…

It is formed from Latin indulgēns (“indulgent”) + -ia, ⟨indulgēns⟩ being the participle of indulgeō (“to be indulgent”). De Vaan thinks the verb is probably a compound of a prefix ⟨in-⟩ or ⟨endo-⟩…

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek Ἰνδός (Indós), the name of the river Indus and of the Indians. Greek took the name, through Old Persian, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *síndʰuš, the word that is सिन्धु…

It is formed from Latin in- (“not”) + arma (“weapons”) with an adjective ending. De Vaan traces ⟨arma⟩ to Proto-Italic *armo- and Proto-Indo-European *h₂(e)r-mo- (“fitting”), from the root…

It is from Latin in- (“not”) + exercitātus (“trained, practised”), the participle of exercitō with the negative prefix. The TLL likewise derives it from ⟨in⟩ and exercitātus.

It is formed from Latin in- (“not”) + expiō (“to atone for”) + -bilis, or from in- and expiābilis. expiō is a compound of ex- and piō (“to appease”), from pius (“dutiful”), which de Vaan traces to…

It is from Latin in- (“not”) + expleō (“to fill up, satisfy”) + -bilis (“-able”). Köbler takes it through the adjective explēbilis (“that can be filled”), and analyses the verb as ⟨ex-⟩ with a…

It is from Latin in- (“not”) + explicābilis (“that can be unfolded or explained”). That adjective belongs to explicō (“to unfold”), a compound of the verb plicō (“to fold”); de Vaan takes the verbs…

It is from Latin in- (“not”) + expugnābilis (“that can be taken by storm”). The TLL takes it as modelled on words such as Ancient Greek ἄμαχος (ámakhos, “unconquerable”).

It is from Latin īnfāmis (“disreputable”) + -ō. That adjective is in- (“not”) with fāma (“reputation”).

It is from Latin in- + fatuus (“foolish”), a verb in ⟨-āre⟩. De Vaan tentatively derives fatuus from for (“to say”), through Proto-Italic *fatowo- (“of speech”): Fatuus was another name of the god…

It is from Latin īnfestus (“hostile”) + -ē. De Vaan finds the origin of īnfestus unclear: he tentatively reconstructs Proto-Italic *en-fristo- (“rushing in”), which would fit if festīnō (“to hurry”)…

It is from Latin īnfidēlis (“unfaithful”) + -tās. Ancient grammarians described it as formed from the dative singular of the adjective.

It is from Latin in- (“not”) + fīnis (“boundary, end”) + -tās; compare īnfīnītus. De Vaan calls the etymology of ⟨fīnis⟩ disputed, perhaps ⟨*fīg-s-ni-⟩ “driven in”, of a boundary marker.

It is formed from Latin in- (“not”) + firmus (“strong, firm”). De Vaan traces firmus to Proto-Italic *fermo- and Proto-Indo-European *dʰer-mo- (“holding”), cognate with Sanskrit धर्मन् (dhárman-…

It is from Latin īnfitior (“to deny”) + -tor, an agent noun. The verb is formed from īnfitiae (“denial”), which de Vaan suggests may continue a form ⟨*in-fato-⟩ “unsaid”, a negated form related to…

It is from Latin īnflammō (“to set on fire”) + -tiō.

It is from Latin in- + flammō (“to blaze, set alight”), from flamma “flame”.

It is from Latin īnflō (“to blow into, inflate”) + -tiō.

1. The adjective is from Latin īnflō (“to blow into, inflate”): its perfect passive participle, used as an adjective. That verb is a compound of in- (“into”) and flō (“to blow”), which de Vaan…

It is formed from Latin īnflectō (“to bend, curve”) + -tiō, the verb being in- and flectō (“to bend”).

It is from Latin in- + flīgō (“to strike”). De Vaan reconstructs ⟨flīgō⟩ as Proto-Italic ⟨*flīg-⟩, Proto-Indo-European *bʰleyǵ-e/o- (“to hit, crush”), comparing Ancient Greek φλίβω (phlī́bō, “to…

It is from Latin in- (“in, into”) + fluō (“to flow”).

It is from Latin īnfōrmō (“to shape, sketch; to instruct”) + -tiō, from fōrma “form”.

It is formed from Latin īnfringō (“to break, weaken”) + -tiō.