Latin words first recorded in the 1st century BC

It is from Latin hībernus (“of winter”) + -ō. De Vaan derives hībernus from ⟨*heimrinos⟩, a derivative with the full grade of the root of hiems (“winter”), which goes back to Proto-Italic *χiem- and…

It is a denominative verb from Latin hiems (“winter”). The noun hiems goes back to Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰéyōm (“winter”). Cognate with Sanskrit हिम (himá-, “cold, frost”), Hittite gimm- (“winter”)…

It is from Latin hilarus (“cheerful”), with the verbal suffix -ō. The adjective, also ⟨hilaris⟩, is from Ancient Greek ἱλαρός (hilarós, “cheerful”).

It is from Latin hirtus (“shaggy”) + -ūtus, through a variant ⟨*hirsus⟩. Etymonline suggests it may be related to horreō “to bristle”.

It is from Latin hodiē (“today”) + -rnus, as in hesternus “of yesterday”.

It is from Latin homō (“man”) + -cīda (“killer”), the second part from caedō (“to cut down, kill”), formed like parricīda. De Vaan traces caedō to Proto-Italic *kaid-e/o- and Proto-Indo-European…

It is from Latin honestus (“honourable”) + -tās, perhaps shortened from ⟨*honestitās⟩, or from honōs “honour”. De Vaan finds no etymology for ⟨honōs⟩ beyond a root ⟨*ǵʰon-⟩ or ⟨*gʰon-⟩.

It is from Latin honestus (“honourable”), its neuter, used as a noun, and translates Ancient Greek τὸ καλόν (tò kalón, “the noble, the beautiful”). The adjective is formed from an old neuter…

It is from Latin honōrō (“to honour”) + -ābilis. The verb comes from honor (“honour”). Isidore of Seville explained it as ⟨quasi honore habilis⟩ “as if fit for honour”.

It is an adverb, from Latin honōrificus (“conferring honour”), formed with -ē. The adjective is made from honōs (“honour”) and -ficus, from faciō (“to make, do”). De Vaan finds no etymology for…

It is from Latin honor (“honour”) + -ficus (“making, doing”), from the root of faciō (“to make, do”). De Vaan finds no etymology for honōs beyond a root ⟨*ǵhon-⟩ or ⟨*ghon-⟩.

It is from Latin honōs + -ō (later ⟨honor⟩) “honour”), the verb suffix. De Vaan finds no further etymology for ⟨honōs⟩.

It is from Latin hortor (“to urge, encourage”) + -tiō, a noun of action. De Vaan explains that verb as a frequentative of horior (“to encourage, urge”), built on an old past participle or shortened…

It is from Latin hortor (“to urge, encourage”) + -tus, an action noun. De Vaan explains hortor as a frequentative of horior, attested in Ennius; it is based on a participle ⟨*hortus⟩ or syncopated…

It is from Latin hospitālis (“of a guest, hospitable”) + -tās, from hospes “host, guest”.

It is from Latin hostīlis (“hostile”) + -ter. De Vaan lists hostīlis among the derivatives of hostis (“foreigner, enemy”), which goes back to Proto-Italic *χosti- and Proto-Indo-European *gʰosti-…

It is a phrase grown into one word, from Latin hic (“this”) + modus (“manner, kind”).

It is formed from Latin humilis (“low, humble”) + -ter, the adverb of that adjective. humilis is itself derived from humus (“earth, ground”).

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek ὑδρία (hudría, “water pot, urn”). Georges notes that the native Latin word was urna, and that Cicero uses the Greek one only when speaking of Greek settings.

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek ὑπόθεσις (hupóthesis, “base, foundation; supposition”), literally “a placing under”, from ὑπό (hupó, “under”) and θέσις (thésis, “a placing, proposition”).

Used as an adjective, it is the present participle from Latin iactō (“to throw; to boast”). That verb is formed from iaciō (“to throw”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Italic *jak-i- (“to throw”)…

It is from Latin iactō (“to throw about”) + -tiō, a frequentative of iaciō “to throw”.

It is from Latin iaciō (“to throw”) + -ūra. De Vaan traces ⟨iaciō⟩ to Proto-Indo-European *Hyeh₁- (“to throw, let go”).

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek ἴαμβος (íambos, “iambus”), a Greek word whose origin Köbler calls unexplained and perhaps not Indo-European. Latin grammarians explained it either from Iambe…

It is from Latin ignāvus (“lazy, spiritless”) + -ē. Wiktionary analyses the adjective as in- (“not”) and gnāvus (“busy, diligent”). Georges also records a by-form ⟨ignāviter⟩.

It is a compound, from Latin ignis (“fire”) + -fer (“bearing”), the second part being the ending of compounds formed from ferō (“to carry”), which goes back to Proto-Indo-European *bʰer-e/o- (“to…

It is from Latin ignis (“fire”) + -ītus, an adjective of the same kind as those in -ītus formed from nouns.

It is from Latin ignōminia (“disgrace”) + -ōsus. ignōminia is formed from in- (“not”) and nōmen (“name”), a loss of one's good name.

It is from Latin ignōrō (“not to know”) + -tiō.

De Vaan finds no etymology: the Germanic words that Walde and Hofmann compared have a short vowel, and the Greek ἴλια (ília) “female parts”, a gloss of Hesychius, may be a borrowing from Latin…

It is from Latin in- + lābor (“to glide, slip”). De Vaan lists lābor among the words placed beside labō (“to totter”), but doubts the connection and leaves it without a further etymology.

It is from Latin in- (“in, on”) + ligō (“to tie, bind”). De Vaan reconstructs Proto-Italic *-lig-ā- for ligō and, with a question mark, a root Proto-Indo-European *liǵ- (“to tie”), comparing…

It is from Latin illūdō (“to make sport of, mock”) + -tiō. The verb is formed from in- and lūdō (“to play”).

It is formed from Latin in- (“not”) + bellum (“war”) + -is, the negative prefix and the adjective ending. De Vaan notes that ⟨bellum⟩ continues older ⟨duellum⟩, and calls Pinault's explanation the…

It is from Latin in- + bibō (“to drink”). bibō goes back to Proto-Italic *pibe/o- and to the reduplicated present Proto-Indo-European *pi-ph3-e/o- (“to drink”).

It is from Latin imitor (“to imitate, copy”) + -bilis. De Vaan derives that frequentative, like imāgō (“image”), from an earlier verb Proto-Italic *imā-je/o-, and connects it with…

It is from Latin imitor (“to imitate, copy”) + -tor. De Vaan derives both imitor and imāgō (“image”) from an earlier verb Proto-Italic *imā-je/o-.

It is from Latin immēnsus (“immeasurable, boundless”) + -tās.

It is from Latin in- + mītis (“mild, soft”). De Vaan traces ⟨mītis⟩ to Proto-Italic *mīti- and Proto-Indo-European *m(e)h1i-ti- (“soft”), perhaps from a derivative of Proto-Indo-European *meh₁- (“to…

It is from Latin in- (“not”) + mōbilis (“movable”). De Vaan derives mōbilis from a preform ⟨*mowe-bli-⟩ of moveō (“to move”), which he traces to Proto-Indo-European *m(i̯)euh₁- (“to move”).

It is from Latin immoderātus (“unrestrained, immoderate”) + -ē. The adjective is in- (“not”) and moderātus (“restrained, moderate”), from moderor (“to control, restrain”), which de Vaan lists among…

It is from Latin immūnis (“exempt, free”) + -tās. immūnis is formed from in- (“not”) and the stem of mūnus (“duty, obligation”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Italic *moini- (“duty, obligation…

It is from Latin in- (“not”) + mūtābilis (“changeable”). The verb mūtō (“to change”) goes back, with mūtuus, to a stem Proto-Italic *moito-, perhaps Proto-Indo-European *h₂moi-to- (“(object of)…

It is from Latin impendō (“to pay out, spend”), its feminine perfect participle used as a noun, with a word for “sum” or “money” understood, like expēnsa. The verb is from in- and pendō (“to weigh…

It is from Latin impendō (“to pay out, expend”), the perfect passive participle used as an adjective, as Georges, Conte, Köbler and the TLL take it. The OLD instead treats the whole word as a…

It is from Latin imperātor (“commander”) + -ius, from imperō “to command”.

It is from Latin imperō (“to command”) + -trīx, the feminine agent suffix, the feminine of imperātor.

It is from Latin in- (“not”) + perfectus (“complete”), the past participle of perficiō (“to complete”). The Thesaurus compares Ancient Greek ἀτελής (atelḗs, “incomplete”).

It is from Latin imperītus (“inexperienced, unskilled”) + -ē. That adjective is in- (“not”) with perītus (“experienced”), which de Vaan treats, with experior (“to try, test”) and perīculum (“trial…

It is from Latin impius (“undutiful, irreverent”) + -ē. impius is the negative of pius (“dutiful”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Indo-European *puH-io- (“purifying”).

It is formed from Latin implicō + -tiō. implicō (“to entangle, involve”) is made of in- (“in, into”) and plicō (“to fold”).

It is from Latin imprimō (“to press in, stamp”) + -tiō. It is also spelled ⟨inpressiō⟩.

It is formed from Latin improbus (“wicked, shameless”) + -tās. ⟨Improbus⟩ is in- (“not”) and probus (“good, honest”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Italic *profo- (“favourable”) and…

It is from Latin in- (“not”) + prōvidus (“foreseeing”). prōvidus is formed on prōvideō (“to foresee”).

It is from Latin impudēns (“shameless”) + -ter, the adverb of the adjective. That adjective is formed with the negative prefix in- on pudēns (“modest”), from pudeō (“to be ashamed”). De Vaan traces…

It is formed from Latin impūne (“without punishment”) + -tās. ⟨impūne⟩ is formed from in- (“not”) and poena (“penalty”), which is ποινή (poinḗ, “penalty, blood money”).

It is formed from Latin impūrus (“unclean, foul”) + -tās.

It is from Latin in- (“in, on”) + aedificō (“to build”). De Vaan lists aedificō among the derivatives of aedēs (“temple, (in the plural) house”), which goes back to Proto-Italic *aiþ- (“fireplace”)…

It is from Latin in- (“not”) + aequālis (“equal, even”). aequālis comes from aequus (“level, equal”), for which de Vaan finds no convincing etymology.

It is from Latin in- (“not”) + aestimābilis (“that can be valued”), and aestimābilis is formed from aestimō (“to value, estimate”). The TLL records the spelling ⟨inextimabilis⟩ in a Christian…