Latin words first recorded in the 1st century BC

Used as an adjective, it is the perfect passive participle from Latin effēminō (“to unman, make womanish”). That verb is made from ex- and fēmina (“woman”), which de Vaan explains as an old…

It is from Latin efferō (“to make wild, brutalize”): the perfect participle of that verb, used as an adjective. The verb is formed from ex- and ferus (“wild”), which goes back to Proto-Italic…

It is from Latin efficiēns + -ia, ⟨efficiēns⟩ being the present participle of efficiō “to bring about”.

It is from Latin ex- + flāgitō (“to demand”). De Vaan takes flāgitō as an iterative of a lost verb meaning to whip, from Proto-Italic *flāg-e/o- (“to whip”): whipping someone as a punishment became…

It is from Latin effūsus (“poured out; lavish”) + -ē, the adverb of that participle of effundō (“to pour out”). De Vaan traces fundō (“to pour”) to Proto-Italic *χund- and Proto-Indo-European…

It is from Latin effundō (“to pour out, shed”) + -tiō, an action noun. That verb is a compound of ex- (“out”) and fundō (“to pour”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Indo-European *ǵhu-n-d- (“to pour”).

It is formed from Latin ēgredior (“to go out”) + -tus of action nouns. The verb is ex- (“out”) with gradior (“to step”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Italic *grad-(e)i- and Proto-Indo-European…

It is formed from Latin ēiciō + -tiō, from the verb meaning “to cast out”. ēiciō is a compound of iaciō (“to throw”), which de Vaan traces back to Proto-Italic *jak-i- (“to throw”) and…

It is from Latin efferō (“to carry out, raise”) + -tiō, formed on the participle ēlātus. That verb is ē (“out”) with ferō (“to carry”).

It is from Latin ēligō (“to pick out, choose”) + -tiō.

It is from Latin ex- (“out, up”) + levō (“to lighten, raise”). De Vaan derives levō from levis (“light”), which goes back to Proto-Italic *leχu- and Proto-Indo-European *h₁legʷʰ-u- (“light”)…

It is from Latin ex- + lūceō (“to shine”). De Vaan lists lūceō under lūx and traces the stative verb to Proto-Italic *l(o)ukē- (“to be light”) and Proto-Indo-European *luk-eh₁- (“to be light”)…

It is from Latin ēmendō (“to correct”) + -tor. The verb is formed from ex- and menda (“fault, blemish”), which de Vaan takes to be based on the old plural of mendum.

It is the perfect participle from Latin ēmendō (“to correct, free from faults”), used as an adjective. That verb is made from ē- and mendum (“fault, blemish”), for which de Vaan reconstructs…

It is from Latin ēmineō (“to stand out, project”), its present participle, used as an adjective. De Vaan analyses that verb as ē- with a stative Proto-Italic *men-ē- (“to stick out”), from…

It is formed from Latin ēminēns + -ia, from ēminēns (“standing out, prominent”), the present participle of ēmineō (“to stick out, protrude”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Italic *(eks-)men-ē- (“to…

It is formed from Latin ēmittō (“to send out”) + -tiō.

It is from Latin emō (“to buy”) + -tiō, formed on the participle stem ⟨empt-⟩. De Vaan traces emō, first “to take”, to Proto-Italic *eme/o- (“to take”) and Proto-Indo-European *h₁em- (“to take”)…

It is from Latin ēnervō (“to weaken, enfeeble”), its perfect participle used as an adjective. The OLD equates it with ēnervis (“without sinews, feeble”).

It is from Latin ēnervis (“without sinews, feeble”) + -ō, or formed directly from ex- and nervus (“sinew”). De Vaan traces nervus to Proto-Italic *(s)nēuro- and Proto-Indo-European *snéh₁-ur…

It is from Latin ex- + nitēscō (“to begin to shine”), according to the OLD; the TLL derives it from ēniteō (“to shine forth”), of which Wiktionary treats it as a variant form. Both go back to niteō…

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek ἐπικός (epikós, “epic”), from ἔπος (épos, “word, tale, epic verse”).

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek ἐπίγραμμα (epígramma, “inscription”), from ἐπί (epí, “on”) and γράμμα (grámma, “letter”).

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek ἐπιτομή (epitomḗ, “abridgement”), from ἐπιτέμνω (epitémnō, “to cut short”), from ἐπί (epí) and τέμνω (témnō, “to cut”). Cicero also has a Latinised form epitoma.

It is from Latin ēripiō (“to snatch away”) + -tor. De Vaan lists ēripiō among the compounds of rapiō (“to seize”), which he traces to Proto-Italic *rap-i- and Proto-Indo-European *h₁r̥p-i- (“to…

It is probably borrowed from Ancient Greek ἐργαστήριον (ergastḗrion, “workshop”), adapted to Latin, as the OLD has it; Wiktionary and Köbler also call that origin probable. The TLL reports this view…

It is from Latin ērogō + -tiō, from ērogō (“to pay out”), a compound of ex- and rogō (“to ask”). The verb rogō is probably a denominative verb from Proto-Italic *rogo- (“request; stretching out”)…

It is from Latin ex- + rogō (“to ask”). Lewis & Short explain it as a term of public law, to pay out money from the treasury after asking the people's consent.

It is from Latin ex- + rudis (“rough, unskilled”) + -iō, that is, to free from roughness. De Vaan reports two competing etymologies of rudis: a link with Old High German grioz (“sand, gravel”) and…

It is from Latin ērudiō (“to educate, instruct”) + -tiō.

It is from Latin ērudiō (“to instruct, educate”), its participle, used as an adjective. The verb is formed from ex- (“out of”), rudis (“rough, untrained”) and the verb suffix -iō, so “to bring out…

It is from Latin essedum (“war chariot”) + -ārius. The OLD calls essedum Gallic, apparently from Gaulish *ensedon, made of “in” and the root “sit”; Wiktionary instead derives it from Gaulish asseda…

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek εὔριπος (eúripos, “strait, channel”), the name of the strait between Boeotia and Euboea. The Greek word is a compound of εὖ (eû, “well”) and ῥιπή (rhipḗ, “rush…

It is from Latin ēvertō (“to overturn, destroy”) + -tiō. That verb is ē- added to vertō (“to turn”), which Wiktionary traces to Proto-Indo-European *wert- (“to turn”).

It is from Latin ēvertō (“to overturn, destroy”) + -tor, from its supine stem. That verb is a compound of ex- (“out of”) and vertō (“to turn”).

It is from Latin ex- + videō (“to see”), with the present participle of the verb, in the sense of ⟨vidērī⟩ “to appear”. The ablative singular is ⟨-ī⟩.

It is from Latin ēvidēns (“evident”) + -ia, ⟨ēvidēns⟩ being from ex- and videō “to see”. Cicero uses it with ⟨perspicuitās⟩ to render Ancient Greek ἐνάργεια (enárgeia, “vividness”).

It is from Latin ex- + vigilō (“to be awake, keep watch”).

It is from Latin ēvolvō (“to roll out, unroll”) + -tiō.

It is from Latin exigō (“to drive out; to demand”) + -tiō. De Vaan traces the simple verb agō (“to drive, do”) to Proto-Italic *ag-e/o- (“to do, act”) and Proto-Indo-European *h₂eǵ-e/o- (“to drive…

It is formed from Latin exaggerō + -tiō. The verb is formed from ex- and aggerō (“to heap up”), itself made from agger (“a mound, heap”).

It is from Latin exāmen (“swarm; tongue of a balance”) + -ō, the verb suffix.

It is from Latin ex- + ārdēscō (“to catch fire”), the inchoative of ārdeō (“to burn”).

It is from Latin ex- + caecō (“to blind”), from ex- and the adjective caecus (“blind”), beside caecō and obcaecō. De Vaan derives caecus from Proto-Italic *kaiko- and Proto-Indo-European *keh₂i-ko-…

It is from Latin excellō (“to rise above, excel”), its participle.

It is from Latin excellēns + -ia (present participle of excellō “to rise above, excel”).

It is from Latin excipiō (“to take out, receive”) + -tō, a frequentative formed on the participle ⟨exceptus⟩. excipiō is a compound of ex- and capiō (“to take, seize”).

It is from Latin excēdō (“to go out”) + -tus, the suffix of action nouns. A spelling ⟨excissus⟩ is also found.

It is from Latin ex- + cubō (“to lie down”). De Vaan traces cubō to Proto-Italic *kubā̆je/o- (“to be lying”); because of its /b/ and its restriction to Italic and Celtic, a Proto-Indo-European…

It is from Latin excurrō (“to run out”) + -tiō. excurrō is a compound of ex- and currō (“to run”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Italic *korse/o- (“to run”) and Proto-Indo-European *krs-e/o- (“to…

Used as an adjective, it is the past participle from Latin exercitō (“to exercise, train”). exercitō is formed from exerceō (“to keep busy, exercise”), which de Vaan lists among the compounds of…

It is formed from Latin exhālō + -tiō. The verb is formed from ex- and hālō (“to breathe”), which goes back to Proto-Italic *anaslāje- (“to breathe”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂enh₁-slo- (“a…

It is formed from Latin exhērēs (“disinherited”) + -ō, the verb suffix, as the OLD puts it; the TLL derives it from ex- and hērēs (“heir”). De Vaan takes hērēs back to Proto-Italic *χērēd-, a noun…

It is from Latin ex- + horrēscō (“to begin to bristle, shudder”). The TLL relates it to horreō (“to bristle, shudder”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Italic *χors-ē- (“to be stiff”) and…

It is from Latin exhortor (“to encourage”) + -tiō. exhortor is a compound of hortor (“to urge”), which de Vaan takes as a frequentative of horior (“to urge”), found in Ennius; he traces that verb to…

It is formed from Latin exigō (“to weigh out, demand”) + -uus, like contiguus from contingō; L&S explain the first meaning as “weighed, exact”, hence “scanty”. exigō is from ex- and agō (“to…

It is from Latin exitium (“destruction, death”) + -ālis. De Vaan lists exitium among the derivatives of eō (“to go”), which he traces to Proto-Indo-European *h₁ei- (“to go”).

It is from Latin exitium (“destruction”) + -ōsus. exitium comes from exeō (“to go out”), a compound of eō (“to go”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Italic *ei- (“to go”) and Proto-Indo-European…

It is from Latin expediō (“to free the feet, disentangle”), its participle, used as an adjective. The verb is formed from ex- (“out of”) and pēs (“foot”); de Vaan explains its meaning from compedēs…

It is from Latin experior (“to try, put to the test”), its present participle, used as an adjective. Wiktionary derives that verb from ex- and pariō (“to bring forth”).