Latin words first recorded in the 1st century BC

It is from Latin experior (“to try, test”) + -mentum. Pliny's manuscripts have ⟨sperim-⟩.

It is formed from Latin expiō (“to atone for, purify”) + -tiō.

It is from Latin expīlō (“to rob, plunder”) + -tiō, the verb being a compound of ex- and pīlō (“to rob”).

It is formed from Latin ex- + pingō (“to paint”).

It is from Latin explicō (“to unfold; to explain”) + -tiō, an action noun. The verb is formed from ex- (“out”) and plicō (“to fold”), which goes back to Proto-Indo-European *plek- (“to plait”)…

1. Used as an adjective, it is the past participle from Latin explicō (“to unfold; to set out, explain”). The verb is formed from ex- and the stem of plicō (“to fold”); de Vaan explains the…

It is from Latin expostulō (“to demand urgently; to remonstrate”) + -tiō. De Vaan treats expostulō, found from Plautus on, under poscō (“to ask for, demand”), whose ancestor he reconstructs as…

It is the participle from Latin exprimō (“to squeeze out, press out; to portray”), used as an adjective. exprimō is a compound of ex- and premō (“to press”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Italic…

It is from Latin expugnō (“to take by storm”) + -tiō. expugnō is a compound of ex- and pugnō (“to fight”), from pūgna (“fight”), which de Vaan treats with pūgnus (“fist”) under pungō (“to prick”).

It is formed from Latin expellō (“to drive out”) + -tiō.

It is from Latin exquīrō (“to search out, inquire”), its participle used as an adjective. That verb is a compound of quaerō (“to seek”), which de Vaan, following Nussbaum, traces to Proto-Italic…

It is from Latin ex- (“out”) + scindō (“to split, tear”). De Vaan traces scindō to Proto-Italic *ski-n-d-e/o- and the nasal present Proto-Indo-European *ski-n-d- (“to split, tear off”). Cognate with…

It is from Latin exsecror (“to curse”) + -tiō. exsecror is formed from ex (“out”) and sacer (“sacred, accursed”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Italic *sakro- (“sacred”) and Proto-Indo-European…

It is from Latin ex- + sacrō (“to consecrate”). sacrō is made from sacer (“sacred”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Italic *sakro- (“sacred”) and Proto-Indo-European *sh₂k-ro- (“sacred”); he compares…

It is from Latin exsequor (“to follow to the end, follow out”) + -ius. De Vaan traces ⟨sequor⟩ to Proto-Indo-European *sekʷ- (“to follow”).

It is formed from Latin exspīrō (“to breathe out; to die”) + -tiō. The verb is ex- and spīrō (“to breathe”), which de Vaan calls possibly an imitation of the sound of breathing, without direct…

It is from Latin exstinguō (“to put out, quench; to destroy”) + -tiō.

It is from Latin exstinguō (“to put out, extinguish”) + -tor, an agent noun. De Vaan lists exstinguō among the compounds of stinguō, which he traces to Proto-Indo-European *stengʷ-e/o- (“to push…

It is from Latin ex- + stirps (“stem, root”), with the verbal suffix ⟨-ō⟩. De Vaan finds a comparison of the noun with Lithuanian stir̃pti (“to grow up, grow high”) possible but not compelling.

It is from Latin exsultō (“to leap up; to exult”) + -tiō. De Vaan lists that verb among the derivatives of saliō (“to jump”), which goes back to Proto-Italic *sal-je- (“to jump”).

It is from Latin ex- + terminō (“to set bounds”), to send beyond the boundary. Etymonline derives it from the phrase ⟨ex termine⟩ “beyond the boundary”, from termen (“boundary”).

It is from Latin extrēmus (“outermost, last”), its neuter used as a noun. The adjective is formed from exter (“outside”) with -ēmus; de Vaan explains it as an old superlative ⟨*ekster-isamo-⟩, which…

It is a diminutive, from Latin fābula (“story, tale”) + -ella. De Vaan places that noun with for (“to speak”), from Proto-Italic *fā-þlo- (“story”) and the root Proto-Indo-European *bheh₂- (“to…

It is formed from Latin fabricō (“to fashion, build”) + -tiō. The verb comes from fabrica (“workshop; craft”), from faber (“craftsman”), which de Vaan reconstructs as Proto-Italic *fafro- and, with…

It is from Latin faber (“craftsman, smith”) + -īlis. faber goes back to Proto-Italic *fafro-; de Vaan tentatively derives it from Proto-Indo-European *dʰHbʰ-ro- (“craftsman”), with a cognate in an…

It is from Latin facinus (“deed, crime”) + -ōsus (“full of”). The noun is formed from faciō (“to do, make”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Italic *fak-i- and ultimately to Proto-Indo-European…

It is from Latin faenerō (“to lend at interest”) + -tiō. The verb comes from fēnus (“interest”), which de Vaan, if the form with ⟨fē-⟩ is the original one, derives from Proto-Indo-European…

It is from Latin famulus (“servant, slave”) + -ātus, or from famulor “to serve”. De Vaan reconstructs ⟨famulus⟩ as Proto-Italic *famelos (“slave”), with Oscan ⟨famelo⟩ and Umbrian ⟨fameřias⟩…

It is formed from Latin fascinum (“evil spell, charm”) + -ō. Fascinum itself may be related to Ancient Greek βάσκανος (báskanos, “sorcerer, slanderer”); if so, de Vaan takes both to be loans from an…

It is an adverb, from Latin fastīdiōsus (“disdainful; fastidious”), formed with -ē. The adjective comes from fastīdium (“distaste, disdain”).

It is from Latin fātum (“fate”) + -ālis.

It is from Latin faveō (“to be favourable”) + -or. De Vaan derives faveō from Proto-Italic *faw-ē-, Proto-Indo-European *bʰh₂u̯-eh₁- (“to be favourable to”), and compares Old Irish báe (“profit…

It is from Latin fēcundus (“fertile”) + -tās. De Vaan reconstructs fēcundus as Proto-Italic *fēk-odno-, perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-k-, and treats it with fēmina; the verb usually cited…

It is from Latin fēmina (“woman”) + -eus. De Vaan derives ⟨fēmina⟩ from Proto-Italic *fēmanā- and Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-mh₁n-h₂- (“the one nursing”), an old middle participle of…

It is from Latin ferō (“to carry”) + -culum. The TLL compares Ancient Greek φέρετρον (phéretron), and Priscian already derived it from that verb. De Vaan traces ferō to Proto-Italic *fere/o- and…

It is from Latin ferus (“wild”) + -tās.

It is from Latin ferōx (“wild, fierce”) + -tās. De Vaan suggests ⟨ferōx⟩ may contain a second element ⟨*-h₃kʷ-⟩ “having a fierce aspect”, added to ferus “wild”, which he traces to Proto-Italic…

It is from Latin ferrum (“iron”) + -ūgō, formed like aerūgō (“verdigris”) from aes (“copper, bronze”). De Vaan regards the word for iron itself as a loan from an unidentified source, possibly a…

It is from Latin ferō (“to bear”) + -ilis, the ⟨t⟩ probably by analogy with other deverbal adjectives in ⟨-ilis⟩ built on participle stems. The TLL compares the Paelignian ablative or adverb…

It is from Latin fertilis (“fertile”) + -tās. fertilis belongs to ferō (“to carry, bear”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Italic *fere/o- and Proto-Indo-European *bʰer-e/o- (“to carry”). Cognate with…

It is from Latin festīnāns (“hurrying”) + -ter, an adverb from the present participle of festīnō (“to hurry”). De Vaan traces the verb to a noun Proto-Italic *fristi- (“haste”), Proto-Indo-European…

It is formed from Latin festīnō (“to hurry”) + -tiō. De Vaan, following Schrijver, traces ⟨festīnō⟩ to a noun Proto-Italic *fristi- (“haste”), from Proto-Indo-European *bhristi-, cognate with Welsh…

It is from Latin fēteō (“to stink”) + -or. De Vaan, who writes the verb ⟨foeteō⟩, takes ⟨oe⟩ to be the older spelling and traces the verb to Proto-Italic *fwoit- or Proto-Italic *fwōje/ot- “smoking…

Used as an adjective, it is the present participle from Latin fīdō (“to trust”). De Vaan traces fīdō to Proto-Italic *feiþe- (“to trust”) and Proto-Indo-European *bʰeidʰ-e/o- (“to trust”).

It is from Latin fidēs (“lyre, strings”) + -cen (“player”), the suffix coming from canō (“to sing, play”). The OLD tentatively compares fidēs with Ancient Greek σφίδη (sphídē). De Vaan traces canō…

It is formed from Latin findō (“to split, cleave”) + -tiō. De Vaan traces the verb to a nasal present Proto-Indo-European *bʰi-n-d- (“to cleave”).

It is from Latin flāgitium + -ōsus, from the noun “disgraceful act, scandal”. De Vaan derives ⟨flāgitium⟩ from flāgitō (“to demand importunately”), an iterative of an unattested verb whose first…

It is from Latin flagrō (“to blaze, burn”), its present participle.

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *flagro- (“burning”), inherited from Proto-Indo-European *bʰl̥g-ro- (“burning”). De Vaan takes the verb as probably a denominative of a lost adjective meaning…

It is from Latin flamma (“flame”) + -ō, the verb suffix.

It is from Latin flamma (“flame”) + -ula, a diminutive.

It is from Latin flāvus (“yellow, golden”) + -eō, a stative verb. De Vaan tentatively traces the adjective to Proto-Indo-European *bʰleh₃-uo- (“yellow”), comparing Middle Irish blá (“yellow”) and…

It is from Latin flectō (“to bend”) + -bilis.

It is from Latin flectō (“to bend”) + -tiō. De Vaan reconstructs ⟨flectō⟩ as Proto-Italic *flek-t-.

1. The adjective “bent” is the perfect passive participle from Latin flectō (“to bend”). De Vaan traces flectō to Proto-Italic *flek-t-, with a suffix ⟨-t-⟩ perhaps added on the model of plectō (“to…

Used as an adjective, it is the present participle from Latin fluō (“to flow”). The verb goes back to Proto-Italic *flow-e/o- and Proto-Indo-European *bʰleuH- (“to flow (over)”), with cognates such…

It is from Latin foedus (“treaty”) + -ātus. De Vaan places foedus among the derivatives of fīdō (“to trust”), from Proto-Italic *feiþ-os- (“trust”), and traces the root to Proto-Indo-European…

It is from Latin foedus (“foul, ugly”) + -tās. De Vaan explains foedus after Nussbaum as an adjective in ⟨-idus⟩ from a root meaning to be afraid, Proto-Indo-European *bʰiH-, if its first meaning…

It is from Latin foveō (“to warm, cherish”) + -mentum, contracted from an older ⟨*fovimentum⟩. De Vaan, following Schrijver, derives it from ⟨*fowe-mentum⟩ and traces foveō to Proto-Italic…

It is from Latin fortuītus (“happening by chance”) + -ō, an adverb from the adjective. De Vaan explains fortuītus from a u-stem Proto-Italic *fortu- (“luck”) beside the noun fors (“chance”), and…