iudiciarius

Pronunciation

• IPA (Classical): [juː.dɪ.kiˈaː.ri.ʊs]^[1]
• IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ju.di.t͡ʃiˈaː.ri.us]^[1]

Forms

iūdiciārius (feminine iūdiciāria, neuter iūdiciārium); first/second-declension adjective^[1]

Etymology

It is from Latin iūdicium (“judgement, court”) + -ārius.^[2][1][3] ⟨iūdicium⟩ is from iūdex (“judge”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Italic *jowes-dik- (“judge”), from iūs (“law”) and the root of dīcō (“to say”).^[3][4]

Earliest recorded meaning

Its earliest source is Cicero, with lēx iūdiciāria.^[5][6] Köbler dates Cicero 81–43 BC.^[5]

Semantic evolution

It meant of or relating to the law courts or juries, judiciary, as in Cicero's lēx iūdiciāria and quaestus iūdiciārius “profit from the courts”, and Suetonius.^[2][6][7]

In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant judiciary.^[8] Medieval Latin used it for of legal proceedings, and vir iūdiciārius for a lawyer.^[9][5] British Medieval Latin also used it of an ordeal by water or iron, or by combat.^[10] English judiciary (early 15th century, “relating to courts”) is from it.^[3]

Timeline

• 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it.^[6][5]
• c. 75–c. 150 AD – Suetonius uses it.^[7][5]
• early 15th century – English judiciary is recorded.^[3]

Meanings

Adjective

1. Of the law courts or juries, judiciary.^[2][6]
2. (Medieval Latin) Of legal proceedings; of an ordeal.^[9][10]

Related words

• iūdicium
• iūdex
• iūs
• English judiciary

References

1. ^ a b c d Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
3. ^ a b c d Harper, Douglas. Online Etymology Dictionary, https://www.etymonline.com
4. ^ de Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7, Leiden; Boston: Brill
5. ^ a b c d e Köbler, Gerhard (2010), Lateinisches Abkunfts- und Wirkungswörterbuch für Altertum und Mittelalter, online ed., koeblergerhard.de
6. ^ a b c d Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
7. ^ a b Gaffiot, Félix (2016), Dictionnaire latin-français, new ed. by Gérard Gréco et al. (Gaffiot 2016), online ed.
8. ^ Stelten, Leo F. (1995), Dictionary of Ecclesiastical Latin, Peabody, Mass.: Hendrickson
9. ^ a b Niermeyer, J. F. (1976), Mediae Latinitatis Lexicon Minus, Leiden: Brill
10. ^ a b Latham, R. E., D. R. Howlett, R. K. Ashdowne, et al. (1975–2013), Dictionary of Medieval Latin from British Sources, London: British Academy / Oxford University Press