iudaismus

Forms

iūdaismus m (genitive iūdaismī); second declension^[1] Also written Iūdaismus and Iūdaeismus;^[1] manuscripts have -days- and -d(a)eis- as well.^[2]

Etymology

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek Ἰουδαϊσμός (Ioudaïsmós),^[3][4][5] the Greek word it renders wherever it occurs,^[2] formed from Ἰουδαῖος (Ioudaîos, “Jew”).^[5]

Earliest recorded meaning

It is found from Tertullian and the Old Latin Bible on.^[2] Tertullian uses it in Against Marcion for the Jewish religion, Judaism.^[6][7][4]

Semantic evolution

In Late Latin it named Jewish religious practice and way of life, including circumcision,^[2] and Jerome sets it beside paganism.^[2] Medieval writers used it for the Jewish faith, often of people who converted to it or from it,^[8][3] and for Jewish customs and learning.^[8]

In medieval towns it came to mean the Jewish quarter and the Jewish community, a Jewry;^[9][3] in England it also meant indebtedness to a Jewish lender.^[3] Etymonline notes that the word appears in Anglo-Latin from the mid-13th century, before English Judaism (c. 1400).^[5]

Timeline

• c. 160–220 AD – Tertullian uses it for the Jewish religion.^[6][10]
• 745 – A letter in the correspondence of Boniface accuses Clement of bringing Judaism upon Christians.^[3]
• under 838 – The Annales Alamannici report that the deacon Puoto fell into Judaism.^[8]
• c. 1183 – A London charter mentions a church in the Jewry.^[3]
• 1236 – It is used in England for debt owed to a Jewish lender.^[3]
• c. 1400 – English has Judaism, partly directly from Late Latin.^[5]

Meanings

Noun

1. Judaism, the Jewish religion and way of life.^[6][2][7]
2. (Medieval Latin) Jewish customs and learning.^[8]
3. (Medieval Latin) The Jewish quarter of a town, a Jewry; the Jewish community.^[9][3]
4. (Medieval Latin) Indebtedness to a Jewish lender.^[3]

Related words

• iudaeus
• English Judaism

References

1. ^ a b Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f Thesaurus linguae Latinae (1900–), Leipzig: Teubner; Berlin: De Gruyter; open-access ed., Munich: Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften
3. ^ a b c d e f g h i Latham, R. E., D. R. Howlett, R. K. Ashdowne, et al. (1975–2013), Dictionary of Medieval Latin from British Sources, London: British Academy / Oxford University Press
4. ^ a b Conte, Gian Biagio; Pianezzola, Emilio; Ranucci, Giuliano (2010), il Latino: Vocabolario della lingua latina, 3rd ed., Florence: Le Monnier
5. ^ a b c d Harper, Douglas. Online Etymology Dictionary, https://www.etymonline.com
6. ^ a b c Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
7. ^ a b Gaffiot, Félix (2016), Dictionnaire latin-français, new ed. by Gérard Gréco et al. (Gaffiot 2016), online ed.
8. ^ a b c d Mittellateinisches Wörterbuch bis zum ausgehenden 13. Jahrhundert (1967–), Munich: C. H. Beck; Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften
9. ^ a b Niermeyer, J. F. (1976), Mediae Latinitatis Lexicon Minus, Leiden: Brill
10. ^ Köbler, Gerhard (2010), Lateinisches Abkunfts- und Wirkungswörterbuch für Altertum und Mittelalter, online ed., koeblergerhard.de