eveho

Forms

ēvehō (present infinitive ēvehere, perfect active ēvē̆xī, supine ēvectum); third conjugation^[1] An inscription from Spoletium has the spelling exu-.^[2]

Etymology

It is from Latin ex- (“out”) + vehō (“to carry”).^[2][1] De Vaan traces vehō to Proto-Italic *weχ-e/o- and Proto-Indo-European *weǵʰ-e/o- (“to carry”).^[3] Cognate with Umbrian arveitu (“to add”), Ancient Greek ὄχος (ókhos, “cart”) and Lithuanian vèžti (“to carry, convey”).^[3]

Earliest recorded meaning

Its first example in the OLD is an early inscription that forbids anyone to carry out what belongs to the grove.^[2] Cato uses it of carting out manure from a farm.^[4]

Semantic evolution

It means to carry or convey out, and in trade to export, as Pliny the Elder contrasts nations that export their own goods with those that import foreign ones.^[2][4] In the passive it is used of things carried out by an external force, as a wave in the poem Aetna, and of headlands jutting out to sea in Mela.^[2] Of emotions it means to carry away, as Livy's speaker carried away in the heat of argument.^[2] It also means to carry up or raise, as Virgil's heroes whom virtue has raised to the heavens, and figuratively to exalt, as in Horace's first ode.^[2] Church Latin glosses it to raise, carry out.^[5]

Timeline

• 234–149 BC – Cato of carrying out manure.^[4][6]
• 81–43 BC – Cicero of statues carted away from temples.^[4][6]
• 70–19 BC – Virgil of heroes raised to the heavens.^[2][6]
• 59 BC–17 AD – Livy of a speaker carried away by passion.^[2][6]
• 23/24–79 AD – Pliny the Elder of exported merchandise.^[2][6]

Meanings

Verb

1. To carry or convey out or away; to export.^[2][4][1]
2. (passive) To be carried out; to pass beyond; of land, to jut out, project.^[2][1]
3. Of an emotion, to carry away to excessive action.^[2][4]
4. To carry up; to rise; figuratively, to raise, exalt.^[2][4][1]

References

1. ^ a b c d e f g Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
3. ^ a b de Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7, Leiden; Boston: Brill
4. ^ a b c d e f g Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
5. ^ Stelten, Leo F. (1995), Dictionary of Ecclesiastical Latin, Peabody, Mass.: Hendrickson
6. ^ a b c d e Köbler, Gerhard (2010), Lateinisches Abkunfts- und Wirkungswörterbuch für Altertum und Mittelalter, online ed., koeblergerhard.de