Etymologically

1600s · Early Modern English

English words first recorded in the 17th century

1,283 English words whose earliest known written record dates from the 17th century, earliest first (page 9). Words dated only to part of the century follow the ones with a year.

  1. incoherent

    1626

    It is formed from English in- + coherent, with the negative prefix. The OED compares French incohérent, which it finds only from the 18th century. The base adjective is from French cohérent, from…

  2. inexperienced

    1626

    The OED forms it from English in- + experienced, while Etymonline and Dictionary.com take it as a past-participle adjective from inexperience. Inexperience is from French inexpérience or directly…

  3. influx

    1626

    It is borrowed from French influx, recorded in French from 1547, or from Late Latin īnflūxus (“a flowing in”), from Latin īnfluō (“to flow in”), formed from in- (“in”) and fluō (“to flow”). Barnhart…

  4. interstellar

    1626

    It is formed from English inter- + stellar, or directly from inter- and Latin stella (“star”).

  5. maroon

    1626

    1. The fugitive is borrowed from French marron (“feral, fugitive”), earlier maron, a modification of Spanish cimarrón (“wild, untamed; runaway slave”), also borrowed directly as English Symeron…

  6. precarious

    1626

    It is borrowed from Latin precārius (“obtained by entreaty; held by another's favour; uncertain”) with the suffix -ous, formed from prex (“prayer, entreaty”) and the suffix -ārius. The noun is close…

  7. preventive

    1626

    It is formed from English prevent + -ive, or from Latin praevent-, the past participial stem of praeveniō (“to come or go before, anticipate”), with the same suffix. The Latin verb is formed from…

  8. recurrence

    1626

    It is formed from English recurrent + -ence, though Merriam-Webster and Dictionary.com take it from recur with the same suffix. The OED notes that the adjective is first recorded in a general sense…

  9. repertoire

    1626

    It is borrowed from French répertoire, recorded in Middle French from 1468 in the sense "index, list, inventory", which is from Late Latin repertōrium (“inventory, catalogue”); the OED treats the…

  10. resilience

    1626

    The OED takes it as probably partly borrowed from New Latin resilientia (“the fact of avoiding”), recorded from before 1540 (the sense "rebounding" is found in Latin a little later), and partly…

  11. submarine

    1626

    It is formed from English sub- + marine, perhaps on the model of subterranean, according to Weekley. The OED compares Medieval Latin submarinus (“existing beneath the sea”), found in a 12th-century…

  12. tactics

    1626

    It represents New Latin tactica, from Greek τακτική (taktikḗ (tékhnē), “the art of arrangement”), or tà taktiká, the neuter plural of τακτικός (taktikós, “of arrangement, of tactics in war”), from…

  13. textile

    1626

    As a noun it is borrowed from Latin textile (“woven fabric”), the neuter of the adjective textilis (“woven”) used as a noun; the adjective was taken from the Latin adjective. The adjective is formed…

  14. turbid

    1626

    It is borrowed from Latin turbidus (“full of confusion or disorder; troubled, muddy”), from turba (“crowd, disturbance”), directly or through turbō (“to disturb”). Etymonline calls turba of…

  15. volatility

    1626

    It is borrowed from New Latin volatilitas, from Latin volātilis (“flying, winged; fleeting”), the source of volatile, from volō (“to fly”). Etymonline and the Shorter Oxford treat it as formed on…

  16. analyzer

    1627

    It is formed from English analyze + -er, an agent noun from the verb. The British spelling is analyser, formed in the same way from analyse.

  17. bluff

    1627

    1. The adjective, at first a sailors' word, is probably borrowed from Dutch blaf (“broad, flat”), now obsolete, which is akin to Middle Low German blaff (“smooth, even”). The OED notes that the…

  18. botanical

    1627

    It is formed from English botanic + -al, while the OED takes it as formed directly on Medieval Latin botanicus or its source, Ancient Greek βοτανικός (botanikós, “of herbs”), with the English…

  19. homeland

    1627

    It is a compound, from English home + land. Old English had hamland, which meant an enclosed pasture.

  20. landfall

    1627

    It is a compound from English land + fall. The OED and the Shorter Oxford take the second part as the noun fall, Etymonline as the verb, in the sense "to happen".

  21. messy

    1627

    It is from English mess + -y.

  22. quantify

    1627

    It is borrowed from Medieval Latin quantificō (“to determine the quantity of, measure”), recorded from the 12th century in British sources, from Latin quantus (“how great, how much”) and -ficō, the…

  23. technological

    1627

    It is from technology with the suffix -ical.

  24. underwater

    1627

    It is formed from under and water, from the phrase under water, submerged, attested by the 1590s.

  25. width

    1627

    It is formed from wide with the suffix -th, on the model of breadth, displacing wideness.

  26. apparatus

    1628

    It is borrowed from Latin apparātus (“preparation; equipment, tools”), a noun of state formed on the past participle of apparō (“to make ready, prepare”), from ad- (“to”) and parō (“to make ready”)…

  27. campaign

    1628

    It is borrowed from French campagne (“campaign; open country”), from Italian campagna (“countryside; military operation”), or from Old North French or Old Provençal, from Late Latin campānia (“level…

  28. expensive

    1628

    It is formed from English expense + -ive, or from Latin expēns-, the past participle stem of expendō (“to pay out”), with -ive, associated early with expense. It is related to expend and spend.

  29. gee

    1628

    1. The command to a horse is of unknown origin. The OED considers it probably imitative, and compares jee and the earlier call ree. Etymonline describes it as Scottish at first. The extended form…

  30. provenance

    1628

    It is borrowed from French provenance (“origin, production”), recorded in Old French from 1294 in the senses "origin, cause", from provenant, the present participle of provenir (“to come forth…

  31. reset

    1628

    It is formed from English re- + set.

  32. sane

    1628

    It is borrowed from Latin sānus (“healthy, sound”), a word of uncertain origin, related to Umbrian sanes. Etymonline mentions a derivation from Proto-Indo-European *seh- (“to tie”), which de Vaan…

  33. tendency

    1628

    It is borrowed from Medieval Latin tendentia (“inclination, leaning”), from Latin tendēns, present participle of tendō, to stretch, aim (see tend). An earlier, rarer word in the same sense was…

  34. titanic

    1628

    It is borrowed from New Latin Titanicus, recorded from 1516, or its source, Ancient Greek Τιτανικός (Tītānikós, “of or for the Titans”), which most dictionaries give as the immediate source. The…

  35. waiver

    1628

    It is borrowed from Anglo-Norman weyver, the Anglo-Norman infinitive "to abandon, waive" used as a noun, found in the 13th-century law book “Britton”. The same verb gave waive. Etymonline and Klein…

  36. computing

    1629

    It is formed from English compute + -ing. Its base is from Middle French computer (“to calculate”) and the Latin verb behind it, Latin computō (“to calculate, reckon, count up”), formed from com-…

  37. energetic

    1629

    Most dictionaries take it directly borrowed from Ancient Greek ἐνεργητικός (energētikós, “active, able to act upon”), while the OED allows either that word or its post-classical Latin form New Latin…

  38. irreversible

    1629

    It is formed from English ir- + reversible, with the assimilated form of the negative prefix in- "not, opposite of". Merriam-Webster analyses it as in- + reverse + -ible, and Johnson (1755) likewise…

  39. proposal

    1629

    It is formed from English propose + -al.

  40. unorthodox

    1629

    It is formed from English un- + orthodox. The adjective orthodox is from Late Latin orthodoxus, from Ancient Greek ὀρθόδοξος (orthódoxos, “having the right opinion”), from ὀρθός (orthós, “right…

  41. compliance

    1630

    It is formed from comply and -ance.

  42. disposal

    1630

    It is formed from dispose and -al.

  43. exert

    1630

    It is borrowed from Latin exsertus, also exertus, the past participle of exserō (“to thrust out, put forth”), formed from ex- (“out”) and serō (“to join, bind, entwine”), from Proto-Indo-European…

  44. frontal

    1630

    The adjective is partly borrowed from Medieval Latin frontālis (“of the forehead”), recorded in post-classical Latin from the 13th century, and partly formed from English front + -al. Most…

  45. involvement

    1630

    It is formed from involve and the suffix -ment. Involve is from Latin involvō (“to roll into, entangle, envelop”), from in- (“in”) and volvō (“to roll”) (see volume).

  46. lymph

    1630

    It is borrowed from Latin lympha (“water, clear water; a water goddess”), and partly borrowed from French lymphe, recorded in French from the 16th century. The Latin word is an altered spelling of…

  47. orthodoxy

    1630

    It is borrowed from Late Latin orthodoxia, partly also borrowed from French orthodoxie, from Ancient Greek ὀρθοδοξία (orthodoxía, “right opinion, sound doctrine”), the abstract noun of ὀρθόδοξος…

  48. parasitic

    1630

    It is borrowed from Latin parasīticus (“of or characteristic of a parasite”), from Ancient Greek παρασιτικός (parasitikós), from παράσιτος (parásitos, “one who eats at another's table”), the source…

  49. pixie

    1630

    Its origin is unknown. The earliest forms are the dialect words pixy, pigsy and pisky of south-western England, and its home, from Cornwall to Wiltshire and Dorset, suggests a Celtic origin in…

  50. politico

    1630

    It is borrowed from Italian politico or Spanish político, the adjective meaning "political" used as a noun, from Latin polīticus (“of citizens or the state”), from Ancient Greek πολιτικός…

  51. undergraduate

    1630

    It is from English under + graduate, a hybrid of a native prefix and a Latin-derived word.

  52. contemporary

    1631

    It is borrowed from Medieval Latin contemporārius, formed from con- “together” and temporārius “of time”, from tempus “time”, after Latin contemporāneus and Late Latin contemporālis. It is related…

  53. curt

    1631

    It is borrowed from Latin curtus (“cut or broken short, mutilated, abridged”), which in Late Latin and the Romance languages became the ordinary word for "short": corto, corto, cort, court. Barnhart…

  54. emergency

    1631

    It is borrowed from Medieval Latin ēmergentia, from Latin ēmergēns, present participle of ēmergō (“to rise out or up; to bring to light”), from ē- (“out”) and mergō (“to dip, sink”); or it is formed…

  55. fiat

    1631

    It is borrowed from Latin fīat (“let it be done, let there be made”), the third person singular present subjunctive of fīō (“to become, to be done”), which served as the passive of faciō (“to make…

  56. functional

    1631

    It is formed from function and -al, or from Medieval Latin functionalis.

  57. hallmark

    1631

    It is formed from English hall + mark, after Goldsmiths' Hall in London, the seat of the Goldsmiths' Company and the site of the London assay office, where gold and silver articles were tested and…

  58. prerequisite

    1631

    It is formed from English pre- + requisite, from the noun. The OED compares the slightly earlier verb prerequire, which Etymonline records from the 1610s. The base goes back to Latin requīsītus, the…

  59. quartz

    1631

    It is borrowed from German Quarz, earlier also Querz, first recorded in the first half of the 14th century as a Middle High German quarz of Bohemia, where it was a term of the mining trade. Barnhart…

  60. specific

    1631

    It is borrowed from French spécifique and directly borrowed from Late Latin specificus (“constituting a kind or sort”), in Medieval Latin “specific, particular”, from Latin speciēs (“kind, sort”) +…

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