Etymologically

1600s · Early Modern English

English words first recorded in the 17th century

1,285 English words whose earliest known written record dates from the 17th century, earliest first (page 10). Words dated only to part of the century follow the ones with a year.

  1. suggestive

    1631

    It is formed from English suggest + -ive. Merriam-Webster derives it from Latin suggestus, the past participle of suggerō (“to suggest”), with the suffix -ive, and the OED from an unrecorded Latin…

  2. cabaret

    1632

    It is borrowed from French cabaret (“tavern, tap-room”), a word recorded in French in the sense "tavern" from the 13th century, originally from the Walloon and Picard dialects. Its further origin is…

  3. camper

    1632

    It is formed from English camp + -er, from the noun and verb. Camp is from French camp, from Italian campo, from Latin campus (“open field, level space”).

  4. confrontation

    1632

    It is formed from English confront + -ation, corresponding to Medieval Latin confrontātiō, recorded from the 12th century, and French confrontation, from the 14th. Merriam-Webster takes it as…

  5. informant

    1632

    It is borrowed from Latin informāns, the present participle of informō (“to train, instruct, educate”), the source of inform. The OED notes that the earliest English use, an adjective in philosophy…

  6. intimate

    1632

    1. It is borrowed from Latin intimātus, the past participle of intimō, to make known, announce, impress deeply, from Latin intimus, inmost, innermost, as a noun a close friend, a superlative of in…

  7. lifeguard

    1632

    It is a compound from English life + guard, probably modelled on a formation in a continental Germanic language: the OED compares Swedish livgarde (1597), German Leibgarde (about 1600) and Dutch…

  8. meow

    1632

    It is imitative of the cry of a cat. Similar imitations are found in many languages, such as German miau and the verb miauen, Spanish miau, Turkish miyav and Finnish miau. The spellings with ao…

  9. plastic

    1632

    It is borrowed from Latin plasticus, perhaps through French plastique, from Ancient Greek πλαστικός (plastikós, “fit for moulding; of moulding”), from πλαστός (plastós) “moulded, formed”, from…

  10. plunder

    1632

    It is borrowed from German plündern (“to pillage, sack”), or perhaps its Dutch counterpart, borrowed from Dutch plunderen; the OED thinks the first English records, which concern the Thirty Years'…

  11. reversible

    1632

    It is formed from English reverse + -ible. The OED compares French réversible, recorded from 1610, at first in legal use, and Johnson took it from French. The verb reverse is from Old French…

  12. tremendous

    1632

    It is borrowed from Latin tremendus (“fearful, to be dreaded”), literally to be trembled at, the gerundive of tremō, to tremble (see tremble), with the English suffix -ous. It first appeared as…

  13. tribal

    1632

    It is from tribe with the suffix -al.

  14. worldwide

    1632

    It is a compound, from English world + wide, also written world-wide.

  15. acrid

    1633

    It is irregularly borrowed from Latin ācris (“sharp, bitter, pungent”), a variant and feminine form of ācer, with the English suffix -id, probably on the model of acid. Ayto says the ending was…

  16. cede

    1633

    It is borrowed from French céder or directly borrowed from Latin cēdō (“to go, proceed; to give way, yield, withdraw”). The French verb is recorded from the 16th century. Etymonline traces the Latin…

  17. consensus

    1633

    It is borrowed from Latin cōnsēnsus (“agreement, accord, common feeling”), from the past participle of cōnsentīre (“to feel together, agree”) (see consent), from com-, together, and sentiō, to feel…

  18. culmination

    1633

    The OED takes it as formed from English culminate + -ation, comparing French culmination, while Etymonline derives it from the French noun and Merriam-Webster from Medieval Latin culminātus, the…

  19. curriculum

    1633

    It is New Latin, from Latin curriculum (“a running, course, career; a racing chariot”), from currere (“to run”) (see current), from PIE Proto-Indo-European *kers- (“to run”).

  20. program

    1633

    It is borrowed from Late Latin programma (“proclamation, edict”), from Ancient Greek πρόγραμμα (prógramma, “a written public notice”), from the stem of προγράφω (prográphō, “to write publicly, write…

  21. rodent

    1633

    It is borrowed from Latin rōdēns (“gnawing”), the present participle of rōdō (“to gnaw, eat away, erode”). The zoological senses follow New Latin Rodentia, the scientific name of the order, and the…

  22. thermometer

    1633

    It is borrowed from French thermomètre, a word first recorded in 1624 and coined by the Jesuit Jean Leuréchon, from Ancient Greek θέρμη (thérmē, “heat”) or θερμός (thermós, “hot”) and μέτρον…

  23. achievable

    1634

    It is formed from English achieve + -able. Achieve is from Old French achever (“to complete, accomplish”), in Anglo-Norman also aschever, formed from the phrase à chef (“to a head, to an end”).

  24. ballet

    1634

    It is borrowed from French ballet, from Italian balletto, diminutive of ballo, a dance, from Late Latin ballō (“to dance”) (see ball, a dance).

  25. brigade

    1634

    It is borrowed from French brigade (“body of soldiers”), from Italian brigata (“troop, company, crowd”), from brigare (“to brawl, fight”), from briga (“strife, quarrel”), which may be Celtic…

  26. commodore

    1634

    It was earlier commandore, probably borrowed from Dutch commandeur (“commander”), with the second syllable reduced, from French commandeur, from Old French comandeor, from comander (“to command”)…

  27. concentration

    1634

    It is formed from the verb concentrate and -ation, or, in MWU's analysis, from com-, Latin centrum (“centre”) and the same suffix.

  28. cystic

    1634

    It is borrowed from French cystique, recorded in Paré in the 16th century, from New Latin cysticus, from Ancient Greek κύστις (kústis, “bladder, pouch”). The Oxford Dictionary of English allows a…

  29. edgy

    1634

    It is formed from English edge + -y. Edge is from Old English ecg (“corner, edge, point”), from Proto-Germanic *agjō, from Proto-Indo-European *ak- (“to be sharp”).

  30. granny

    1634

    It is probably formed from English grannam + -y, with grannam shortened, or else from grandam itself. Grannam is a variant of grandam with the d lost by assimilation, and grandam is Anglo-Norman…

  31. harem

    1634

    It is borrowed from Ottoman Turkish حرم (harem) and directly borrowed from Arabic حَرَم (ḥaram, “something forbidden; sanctuary; women”), later also حَرِيم (ḥarīm, “forbidden place”), with the same…

  32. heartland

    1634

    It is formed from English heart + land, with heart in its figurative sense "centre, core".

  33. morocco

    1634

    The leather is named after Morocco, the country in north-western Africa where it was first made. The name of the country came into English from Italian Marocco; the OED compares Maroc and Marruecos…

  34. patchwork

    1634

    It is formed from English patch + work. The OED compares the earlier patchment and compatchment.

  35. pathological

    1634

    The OED takes it as formed from English patho- + -logical, after pathology. Etymonline and the Shorter Oxford analyse it as pathologic with the suffix -al, and Merriam-Webster derives it from French…

  36. rapid

    1634

    It is borrowed from French rapide and directly from Latin rapidus (“hasty, swift, snatching”), from rapiō (“to seize, carry off, hurry away”), from Proto-Indo-European *rep- (“to snatch”). It is…

  37. sculptor

    1634

    It is borrowed from Latin sculptor (“one who cuts or carves”), an agent noun from sculptus, the past participle of sculpō (“to carve, engrave”). The Latin verb is a variant of scalpō (“to scratch…

  38. spat

    1634

    1. The word for the spawn of shellfish is borrowed from Anglo-Norman spat, recorded in Anglo-Norman from 1377 for the spawn of oysters; the Anglo-Norman word is of unknown origin. The OED calls the…

  39. topic

    1634

    It is the singular of Topics (before 1568), the English name of Aristotle's work on logical and rhetorical commonplaces, borrowed from Latin Topica, from Ancient Greek τὰ τοπικά (tà topiká, “matters…

  40. blazer

    1635

    It is formed from English blaze + -er, from the verb meaning to burn brightly, so that it first meant a thing that blazes or shines. The verb comes from the noun, Middle English blase, from Old…

  41. electrical

    1635

    It is from English electric + -al.

  42. incognito

    1635

    It is borrowed from Italian incognito (“unknown, disguised”), from Latin incognitus (“unknown, not investigated”), formed from in- (“not”) and cognitus (“known”), the past participle of cognōscō…

  43. legalize

    1635

    It is formed from English legal + -ize. Legal is from Old French légal or its source, Latin lēgālis (“pertaining to the law”), from lēx (“law”), which Etymonline and the American Heritage Dictionary…

  44. modernity

    1635

    It is formed from English modern + -ity, probably after Medieval Latin modernitās, which the OED finds from the 12th century in British and continental sources; Etymonline and Merriam-Webster take…

  45. namesake

    1635

    It is formed from English name + sake (“cause, behalf”), probably shortened from phrases such as “for one’s name’s sake” and “for name sake”, so that a namesake was at first someone named for the…

  46. plan

    1635

    It is borrowed from French plan (“ground plan, map; plane surface”). Hoad, the Shorter Oxford and the American Heritage Dictionary explain the French word as an alteration of plant (“ground plan”)…

  47. prolific

    1635

    It is partly borrowed from Middle French prolifique (“capable of producing offspring”), recorded in French from 1503, and partly its source, borrowed from Medieval Latin prōlificus (“producing…

  48. replay

    1635

    It is formed from English re- (“again”) + play. The noun comes from the verb.

  49. trillion

    1635

    It is borrowed from French trillion, a word coined in Middle French, where it is recorded from 1484 in the work of Nicolas Chuquet with the value 10<sup>18</sup>. It was made on the model of million…

  50. merge

    1636

    It is borrowed from Latin mergō (“to dip, plunge, immerse”), and in its legal senses it came through the Law French infinitive merger (“to drown, sink”). The Latin verb is probably a rhotacized form…

  51. ratio

    1636

    It is borrowed from Latin ratiō (“reckoning, calculation; reason”), from ratus, the past participle of reor (“to reckon, think”), from the PIE root Proto-Indo-European *re- (“to think, reason…

  52. reprimand

    1636

    It is borrowed from French réprimande, recorded in Middle French in 1588 and in 1549 as réprimende, from reprimendus, the gerundive of reprimō (“to hold back, curb, repress”). The OED thinks it…

  53. trustee

    1636

    It is formed from English trust + -ee, from the verb.

  54. airborne

    1637

    It is a compound from English air + borne, formed from the noun air and the adjective borne, carried. It was also written with a hyphen.

  55. amphibian

    1637

    It is formed from New Latin Amphibia (1607), the name of the class, from Ancient Greek ἀμφίβια (amphíbia), neuter plural of ἀμφίβιος (amphíbios, “living a double life”), from ἀμφί (amphí, “on both…

  56. anyhow

    1637

    It is a compound from English any + how. Etymonline notes that, unlike most compounds of any with an interrogative word, it is not recorded in Old or Middle English, and compares anyway, from the…

  57. expanse

    1637

    It is borrowed from New Latin expānsum (“firmament”), a noun use of the neuter of Latin expānsus (“spread out”), the past participle of expandō (“to spread out”), the source of expand. The verb is…

  58. graphic

    1637

    It is borrowed from Latin graphicus (“picturesque”), from Ancient Greek γραφικός (graphikós, “of writing or drawing”), from γραφή (graphḗ, “writing, drawing”), from γράφω (gráphō, “to write”) (see…

  59. keystone

    1637

    It is formed from English key + stone. Etymonline explains key either in its figurative sense "that which holds other parts together" or in its Middle English sense in building, an ornament at the…

  60. predictive

    1637

    It is borrowed from Late Latin praedictīvus (“foretelling, prognosticating”), recorded from the 5th century, formed from praedictus, the past participle of praedīcō (“to foretell, give warning of”)…

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