English words first recorded in the 15th century

It is borrowed from Old French cronique and directly borrowed from Latin chronicus, from Ancient Greek χρονικός (khronikós, “of or concerning time”), from χρόνος (khrónos, “time”), of uncertain…

It is borrowed from Scottish Gaelic clann (“family, stock, offspring”), like Old Irish cland, clann, borrowed from Latin planta (“sprout, scion”) (see plant). The Goidelic branch of Celtic had no…

It is inherited from Middle English clutteren, a variant of cloteren (“to clot, coagulate; to heap up”), which is formed from Middle English clot + -eren, with a frequentative suffix, and clot is…

1. To gather is inherited from Middle English collecten, borrowed from Old French collecter, or Medieval Latin collēctō, from Latin collēctus, the past participle of colligō (“to gather together”)…

It is borrowed from Middle French collectif, and directly borrowed from Latin collēctīvus, from collēctus, the past participle of colligō (“to gather together”) (see collect), from com- (“together”)…

It is borrowed from Middle French collision and directly Late Latin collīsiō (“a dashing together”), from the past participle stem of Latin collīdō (“to strike together”) (see collide).

It is formed from English complete + -ly. The adjective is from Old French complet (“full”) or directly from Latin complētus, the past participle of compleō (“to fill up”), from com-, here probably…

It is borrowed from Latin complicātus (“folded together; confused, intricate”), the past participle of complicō (“to fold together”), formed from com- (“together”) and plicō (“to fold”), from…

It is inherited from Middle English complicacioun, borrowed from Late Latin complicātiō (“a folding together”), a noun of action from complicō (“to fold together, fold up, roll up”). The OED calls…

It is inherited from Middle English compulsioun, borrowed from Middle French compulsion, or directly borrowed from Late Latin compulsiō, from compulsus, the past participle of compellō (“to drive…

It is inherited from Middle English computacion, borrowed from Anglo-Norman computation (“calculation”), recorded in Anglo-Norman from the 14th century, and directly borrowed from Latin computātiō…

1. The verb is inherited from Middle English connen, a variant of cunnen, inherited from Old English cunnan (“to know, know how”) (see can), with its vowel from the Old English present forms con…

It is inherited from Middle English condensen, borrowed from Old French condenser, or in another view Middle French condenser, and directly borrowed from Latin condēnsō (“to make dense, compress…

It is inherited from Middle English confederacioun, borrowed from Anglo-Norman confederacion, from Old French confederacion (14th century), modern confédération, or directly borrowed from Late Latin…

The noun is inherited from Middle English conflict, from Old French conflit and directly borrowed from Latin cōnflīctus (“a striking together”), in Late Latin “a fight, conflict”, from the past…

It is borrowed from Late Latin cōnfluentia (“a flowing together”), from Latin cōnfluēns, the present participle of cōnfluō (“to flow together”), which is formed from con- (“together”) and fluō (“to…

It is inherited from Middle English congestioun, borrowed from Old French congestion, and directly from Latin congestiō (“a heaping up”), a noun of action from congestus, the past participle of…

It is inherited from Middle English consultacioun, from Old French consultation or directly borrowed from Latin cōnsultātiō (“a mature deliberation, consideration”), cōnsultātiōnem, from cōnsultō…

It is inherited from Middle English contaminacioun, borrowed from Latin contāminātiō (“a polluting, defilement”), a noun of action from contāminō (“to defile, corrupt; to spoil by mixing”)…

It is inherited from Middle English context (“composition; a weaving together of words”), borrowed from Latin contextus (“a joining together; connection, coherence”), originally the past participle…

It is inherited from Middle English contraccioun, borrowed from Old French contraction and directly borrowed from Latin contractiō (“a drawing together, a shortening”), a noun of action from…

It is inherited from Middle English crappe (“chaff, grain trodden underfoot”), borrowed from Middle French crape (“siftings”), from Old French crappe, from Medieval Latin crappa (“chaff”). Barnhart…

It is inherited from Middle English crisis, borrowed from Latin crisis, the Latinized form of Ancient Greek κρίσις (krísis, “a separating, decision, judgement; turning point of a disease”), as used…

It is borrowed from Latin curvātūra (“curved shape, bend”), from curvātus, the past participle of curvō (“to bend”), and the suffix -ūra. The verb is from curvus (“crooked, curved, bent”), from…

It is from Latin curvus (“bent, curved, crooked”) and curvāre (“to bend”), from PIE Proto-Indo-European *sker- (“to turn, bend”); the Latin is related to Greek kyrtós, convex.

1. The verb meaning to dawn is inherited from Middle English dauen, inherited from Old English dagian (“to dawn, become day”), inherited from Proto-Germanic *dagāną, formed on the word for day, Old…

It is inherited from Middle English decorat (“made beautiful, adorned”), first a participial adjective, borrowed from Latin decorātus (“adorned, beautiful”), the past participle of decorō (“to…

It is borrowed from Late Latin decorātiō, a noun of action formed on the past participle of decorō (“to decorate, adorn”), which comes from decus (“ornament, grace, honour”), from…

It is inherited from Middle English dedicaten (“to dedicate a church”), which grew out of the earlier adjective and past participle dedicat (“consecrated”), borrowed from Latin dēdicātus…

It is inherited from Middle English delegat, borrowed from Anglo-Norman delegat (“deputy, representative”), and Medieval Latin dēlēgātus, the noun use of the past participle of Latin dēlēgō (“to…

The adjective is borrowed from Latin dēlīberātus (“resolved upon, determined”), the past participle of dēlīberō (“to weigh well, consider carefully, consult”); the verb, from the 1530s, is from the…

It is borrowed from Middle French dense and directly from Latin dēnsus, thick, crowded, cloudy, of uncertain origin, perhaps related to Ancient Greek δασύς (dasús), hairy, shaggy, thick with leaves…

It is inherited from Middle English derivatif, borrowed from Middle French dérivatif, recorded in the 15th century, and directly from Late Latin dērīvātīvus, a word used by Priscian. The Latin…

It is inherited from Middle English deteinen, also deteynen, borrowed from Old French detenir (“to hold off, keep back”), recorded in Anglo-Norman from 1121–25; Barnhart and Merriam-Webster name…

It is inherited from Middle English detriment, borrowed from Old French détriment, recorded in French from 1236, or directly borrowed from Latin dētrīmentum (“a rubbing off; loss, damage, defeat”)…

It is medical borrowed from Latin diabetes, from Greek διαβήτης (diabḗtēs, “siphon; excessive discharge of urine”), literally a passer-through, from διαβαίνω (diabaínein, “to go through; to stand…

It is borrowed from Latin diffūsus (“spread out, extensive”), the past participle of diffundō (“to pour out, spread, scatter”), which is formed from dis- (“apart, in every direction”) and fundō (“to…

It is borrowed from Latin disruptus (“broken apart, burst”), the past participle of disrumpō (“to break apart, split, shatter”), a variant of dīrumpō (“to dash to pieces”). The Latin verb is formed…

It is inherited from Middle English disrupcion, borrowed from Latin disruptiō (“a breaking asunder”), which Etymonline gives as Medieval Latin. The Latin word is a noun of action from disruptus, the…

It is borrowed from Latin dissēminātus, the past participle of dissēminō (“to spread abroad”), from dis- (“in every direction”) and sēminō (“to sow, plant, propagate”), from sēmen (“seed”), from…

It is inherited from Middle English dissenten, borrowed from Latin dissentiō (“to differ in sentiment, disagree”), perhaps also by way of Middle French dissentir, which is recorded from the 15th…

It is inherited from Middle English diversioun, borrowed from Medieval Latin dīversiō (“a turning aside”), which the American Heritage and Oxford dictionaries call Late Latin; Barnhart and…

It is inherited from Middle English document, borrowed from Old French document (“lesson, written evidence”), and directly from Latin documentum (“example, proof, lesson”), in Medieval Latin…

It is borrowed from Middle French domaine, an alteration, by association with Latin dominus (“lord”) or Medieval Latin dominium, of Old French demaine, demeine (“belonging to a lord”), from Latin…

It is borrowed from Middle French domestique and directly from Latin domesticus (“belonging to the household”), from domus (“house”), from Proto-Indo-European *dem- (“house, household”). The Latin…

It is, through Middle French donation, borrowed from Latin dōnātiō (“a presenting, giving”), from dōnō, to give as a gift, from dōnum, gift, related to dare, to give (see date).

It is inherited from Middle English dorsal, borrowed from Medieval Latin dorsālis, which stands for Latin dorsuālis (“of the back”), from dorsum (“back”). Barnhart takes it through Middle French…

It is borrowed from Middle French dose, from Late Latin dosis, from Ancient Greek δόσις (dósis, “a giving, gift; portion of medicine”), from δίδωμι (dídōmi, “to give”), from PIE Proto-Indo-European…

It is borrowed from Latin duplicātus (“doubled”), the past participle of duplicō (“to double”), from duplex (“twofold”). Etymonline analyses the verb as duo (“two”) and plicō (“to fold”), from…

It is formed from English ecclesiastic + -al, although Merriam-Webster derives it directly from the Late Latin adjective with the English suffix, and the MED from the Medieval Latin word. The…

It is inherited from Middle English effective, borrowed from Middle French effectif, from Late Latin effectīvus (“productive, effective”), from effectus, past participle of efficiō (“to work out…

It is inherited from Middle English ejecten (“to expel”), borrowed from Latin ēiectus (“thrown out”), the past participle of ēiciō (“to throw out, cast out, expel”), formed from ex- (“out”) and the…

It is Middle English, from Latin ēlēctus, chosen, the past participle of ēligō, to pick out, select, from ē-, out, and -ligere, the combining form of legō, to choose, read (see legend), from…

It is borrowed from Middle French éligible (“fit to be chosen”), a learned borrowing of Late Latin ēligibilis (“that may be chosen”), from Latin ēligō (“to choose, select”) (see elect) and the…

It is borrowed from Latin ēmissiō (“a sending out”) (accusative ēmissiōnem), a noun of action from ēmissus, the past participle of ēmittō (“to send out”), formed from ē- (“out”) and mittō (“to send…

It is borrowed from Middle French employer, emploier, from Old French empleier, from Latin implicō, to enfold, involve, be connected with, or its passive implicārī, to be involved in, from in-, in…

It is inherited from Middle English entanglen, also intanglen, formed from Middle English en- + tanglen. The OED, whose earliest printed record is later, likewise analyses the word as from English…

It is inherited from Middle English epiloge, borrowed from Old French epilogue, also recorded as epilogue in Middle French, from Latin epilogus, from Ancient Greek ἐπίλογος (epílogos, “conclusion of…

It is inherited from Middle English equaten, borrowed from Latin aequātus (“levelled, made equal”), the past participle of aequō (“to make level, even or equal”), from aequus (“level, even, equal”)…

It is inherited from Middle English equivalent, borrowed from Middle French equivalent and directly from Late Latin aequivalentem, present participle of aequivaleō “to have equal power, be…