English words first recorded in the 15th century

It is inherited from Middle English turnepike, formed from Middle English turnen (“to turn”) + pike (“sharp point”), that is turn and pike. Klein explains that it first meant a revolving frame set…

It is inherited from Middle English antelope (“a heraldic beast”), probably borrowed from Old French antelop (“savage beast with saw-like horns”), from Medieval Latin antalopus, anthalopus, from…

It is inherited from Middle English acertainen, also ascertainen and assertainen, borrowed from Anglo-Norman acerteiner (“to inform, apprise”), from Old French acertener (“to assure, certify”), more…

It is formed from English avail + -able, Middle English avayleable.

It is inherited from Middle English diminishen, also deminishen, formed as a blend from Middle English diminuen (“to lessen; to disparage”) + minishen (“to make small”), taking the prefix of the…

It is borrowed from Anglo-Norman spiritualité, also Middle French spiritualité, and partly borrowed from Medieval Latin spirituālitās (“spiritual character or nature”), from spirituālis…

It is borrowed from Latin subiectīvus, which in classical Latin meant "placed after something, postpositional" and in medieval British sources from the 13th century also "submissive" and "relating…

It began as the phrase by whole sale, selling in large quantities, from whole and sale.

It is borrowed from Middle French dauphin, from Old French daufin, dalfin, originally the surname of the lords of the Dauphiné, from Medieval Latin Dalphinus, for Latin delphīnus (“dolphin”) (see…

It is inherited from Middle English admiralte, also ameralte, borrowed from Anglo-Norman admiralté, also amiralté, and Middle French admiralité, now amirauté, formed from admiral (“admiral”) and the…

It is inherited from Middle English affirmacioun, borrowed from Anglo-Norman affermacion, also affirmacion, and directly borrowed from Latin affirmātiō (“strengthening, confirmation, assertion”)…

It is inherited from Middle English deducten, borrowed from Latin dēductus (“led down, led away”), the past participle of dēdūcō (“to lead down, bring away, derive”); the Middle English Dictionary…

It is borrowed from Middle French responsif (“that contains a response, responding”), and in part directly Late Latin respōnsīvus (“answering”), from Latin respōns-, the past participle stem of…

It is inherited from Middle English revenue (“return, revenue”), borrowed from Middle French revenue, from Old French revenue “a return”, the noun use of the feminine past participle of revenir (“to…

It is Middle English, borrowed from Latin adjacēns (“lying near”), the present participle of adjacēre (“to lie near, border on”), partly through Anglo-Norman agisaunt, from ad-, near, and jacēre, to…

It is inherited from Middle English appreisen, also apreisen and apraisen, probably borrowed from Old French aprisier (“to appraise, set a price on”), from Late Latin appretiō (“to value…

It is inherited from Middle English baronesse, earlier barnesse, borrowed from Old French barnesse, also baronesse, formed from baron and the feminine suffix -esse (-ess). The Middle English…

It is inherited from Middle English combynen, borrowed from Middle French combiner, from Late Latin combīnāre (“to join two by two, yoke together”), from com-, together, and bīnī (“two by two”) (see…

It is inherited from Middle English concernen, borrowed from Middle French concerner (“to concern, touch, belong to”) and directly from Medieval Latin concernō (“to relate to, belong to”), a…

It is inherited from Middle English condiment, borrowed from Middle French condiment, from Latin condīmentum (“spice, seasoning, sauce”), from condiō (“to preserve, pickle, season”) and the suffix…

1. What is contained is inherited from Middle English content, contents, borrowed from Medieval Latin contentum (“thing contained”) (plural contenta “things contained”), the neuter past participle…

It is inherited from Middle English convencioun, borrowed from Middle French convention and directly from Latin conventiō (“a meeting, assembly; an agreement”), from the past participle of conveniō…

It is inherited from Middle English dēlūden, also dilluden, borrowed from Latin dēlūdō (“to play false, mock, deceive”), formed from dē- (“down, to one's detriment”) and lūdō (“to play”), itself…

It is inherited from Middle English delusioun, borrowed from Latin dēlūsiō (“a deceiving”), a noun of action from dēlūsus, the past participle of dēlūdō (“to play false, mock, deceive”), from dē-…

It is inherited from Middle English depicten, borrowed from Latin dēpictus (“painted, portrayed”), the past participle of dēpingō (“to portray, paint, sketch; describe”), formed from dē- and pingō…

It is formed from English dis- + appear, on the pattern of French disparaître.

It is inherited from Middle English diverten, borrowed from Old French divertir, called Middle French by Barnhart and MWU, and directly borrowed from Latin dīvertō (“to turn in different directions…

It is borrowed from Latin ēminēns (“standing out, projecting, high; distinguished”), the present participle of ēmineō (“to stand out, project; be prominent”). Etymonline, Barnhart and…

It is borrowed from Latin immunis (“exempt from public service, untaxed”), from in- (“not”) and mūnis, performing services (compare municipal), which Watkins derives from PIE Proto-Indo-European…

It is inherited from Middle English maryne, borrowed from Middle French marin (“of the sea”), feminine marine, and directly from Latin marīnus (“of the sea”), from mare “sea”, from…

It is inherited from Middle English musical, borrowed from Middle French musical, from Medieval Latin mūsicālis, from Latin mūsica “music”, from Ancient Greek μουσική (mousikḗ) “art of the Muses”…

1. The sound is inherited from Middle English pepen, probably an alteration of pipen (“to pipe; to squeak, chirp”), recorded from about 1250, which is from Old English pīpian (“to pipe”), a…

It is inherited from Middle English pictur, borrowed from Latin pictūra (“painting”), from pictus (“painted”), past participle of pingō (“to paint, embroider”), the source of paint, from…

1. The machine is Middle English pomp, pumpe, probably borrowed from Middle Dutch pompe (“water conduit, pipe”) or Middle Low German pumpe (“pump”), from a sailors' word of the North Sea, possibly…

It is borrowed from Middle French remot, feminine remote, or directly from Latin remōtus (“far off, distant”), the past participle of removeō (“to move back or away”), from re- (“back, away”) and…

It is borrowed from Middle French sequelle and directly from Late Latin sequēla, that which follows, a result, from sequor, to follow (see sue), cognate with Ancient Greek ἕπομαι (hépomai), to…

It is inherited from Middle English strecher, formed from Middle English strechen (“to stretch”) + -er. Stretch is from Old English streccan, cognate with Dutch strekken and German strecken…

It is inherited from Middle English surveiour, also surveour, borrowed from Anglo-Norman surveiour, also surveour, a variant of sorveor, from surveier or sorveoir (“to survey”) with the agent suffix…

It is a natural exclamation, first recorded in late Middle English. Collins calls the modern greeting of unknown origin.

It is formed from Middle English day + -ly, and Middle English dayly continues inherited from Old English dæġlīc, found only in compounds such as twādæġlīc “happening once in two days”. It is…

It is inherited from Middle English fraternal, borrowed from Medieval Latin frāternālis, from Latin frāternus (“brotherly”), from frāter (“brother”), from Proto-Indo-European *bhrāter-, the same…

It is formed from English gun + shot. Merriam-Webster gives the Middle English form as gonneshot, from gonne or gunne, a gun, and shot. The OED compares the older gunstone for the sense…

It is formed from English hand + writing, appearing in late Middle English as hand writyng. Etymonline takes it as a translation of Latin manuscriptum, and the OED and the Shorter Oxford compare…

1. The container is inherited from Middle English jarre (“a liquid measure”), borrowed from Middle French jarre, recorded in French from 1449, from Old Occitan jarra, from Arabic جَرَّة (jarra…

It is inherited from Middle English repaiement, also repaiment, partly borrowed from Anglo-Norman repaiement (“repayment, reimbursement”), formed from repaier (“to repay”) and -ment, and partly, in…

It is inherited from Middle English several, borrowed from Anglo-Norman several, from Medieval Latin sēparālis (“separable, separate”), from Latin sēpar (“separate, different”), a back-formation…

It is inherited from Middle English suspensioun, borrowed from Latin suspēnsio (“a hanging up; a vaulting”), partly through French, from suspendere (“to hang up”) (see suspend), from sub- (“up from…

It is inherited from Middle English testimonial, borrowed from Old French testimonial, a learned variant of tesmoignal, and directly borrowed from Late Latin testimōniālis (“of evidence”), from…

It is inherited from Middle English acustomen, also acustumen, borrowed from Anglo-Norman acustumer, also acostumer, or Middle French acostumer, now French accoutumer, formed from a- (“to”), from…

It is inherited from Middle English countrollen (“to check, verify accounts”), borrowed from Anglo-Norman contreroller (“to keep a copy of a roll of accounts”), from Medieval Latin contrārotulō (“to…

It is inherited from Middle English expaunden, borrowed from Anglo-Norman espaundre (Old French espandre “to spread, spill”) and directly borrowed from Latin expandō (“to spread out, unfold”), from…

It is inherited from Middle English foreiner, also forener and foraner, formed from Middle English forein + -er, that is, from foreign and -er. Forein is from Anglo-Norman forein, from Old French…

It is of uncertain origin, probably Anglo-Norman, like many words in early cookery books. The MED suggests a connection with garbelage, the removal of refuse from spices (see garble), and Etymonline…

The revised OED takes it as probably partly borrowed from Anglo-Norman enformour (“instructor, teacher; informer”), also enfourmour, and partly formed from English inform + -er. The Anglo-Norman…

It is inherited from Middle English instabilite, borrowed from Old French instabilité (“inconstancy”), recorded in Anglo-Norman from the second quarter of the 13th century, and partly directly from…

It is borrowed from Middle French installer or directly borrowed from Medieval Latin installāre, from in (“in”) and Medieval Latin stallum, stall, place, from a Germanic source such as Old High…

It is inherited from Middle English intrūden, borrowed from Latin intrūdō (“to thrust in, force in”), from in- (“in”) and trūdō (“to thrust, push”), from Proto-Indo-European *treud- (“to press…

It is borrowed from Middle French mental, from Late Latin mentālis (“of the mind”), from Latin mēns (“mind”), genitive mentis, from Proto-Indo-European *men- (“to think”), the root of mind.

It is inherited from Middle English omitten, also ommitten, borrowed from Latin omittō (“to let go, lay aside, disregard, neglect”), formed from ob- and mittō (“to send, let go”). Barnhart explains…

It is inherited from Middle English probacioun, borrowed from Middle French probacion (modern probation), which meant proof, test and trial, and its source Latin probātiō (“inspection, approval…