English words first recorded in the 14th century

It is inherited from Middle English predecessour, borrowed from Anglo-Norman predecessur and Old French predecesseur, and partly taken directly from Late Latin praedēcessor (“one who has gone…

It is inherited from Middle English proclamacioun, borrowed from Anglo-Norman proclamacion and Middle French proclamation, recorded in French from 1320, and directly borrowed from Latin prōclāmātiō…

It is formed from English procure + -ment, partly modelled on Anglo-Norman procurement (“management, administration; persuasion”), a noun also used in Middle French, and partly on Medieval Latin…

It is inherited from Middle English proloug, later prolog and prologe, borrowed from Anglo-Norman prologe, also prologue, and directly borrowed from Latin prologus (“introduction to a play; its…

It is inherited from Middle English quantite, borrowed from Old French quantité and directly from Latin quantitās, relative greatness or extent, coined as a loan translation of Greek ποσότης…

1. The scrap of cloth is inherited from Middle English ragge, probably borrowed from Old Norse rǫgg (“tuft, shagginess, strip of fur”) or a related early Scandinavian form; the OED also compares…

1. It is inherited from Middle English ranc, borrowed from Old French ranc, a variant of renc, reng “row, line”, from Frankish *hring or another Germanic source, from Proto-Germanic *hringaz…

1. It is inherited from Middle English rape, rapen, borrowed from Anglo-Norman rap, rape and directly from Latin rapiō (“to seize, carry off by force”), the source also of rapid, rapt, rapacious and…

1. The verb is inherited from Middle English raven, probably borrowed from Anglo-Norman raever and an unrecorded Old French *raver, also written rever, variants of Old French resver (“to dream; to…

1. The musical note is inherited from Middle English re, borrowed from Medieval Latin re, the first syllable of Latin resonō (“to resound”), the word sung to this note in a medieval hymn to St John…

1. The adjective is inherited from Middle English real, borrowed from Anglo-Norman real, Old French rëel, rëal (“real, actual”), and later directly from Late Latin reālis (“actual”), in Medieval…

It is inherited from Middle English reclaimen, also reclamen, borrowed from Anglo-Norman recleimer, also Old French reclamer (“to call upon, invoke; to call back a hawk; to claim back”), whose…

It is inherited from Middle English rectour, borrowed from Old French rectour, also rector, and directly borrowed from Latin rēctor (“ruler, governor, director, guide”). The OED names Anglo-Norman…

It is inherited from Middle English redempcioun, borrowed from Anglo-Norman redempcioun and redemption, and also directly from Latin redēmptiō (“a buying back, ransoming, release”), a noun of action…

It is inherited from Middle English restitucioun, borrowed from Anglo-Norman restituciun and Old French restitucion, and directly borrowed from Latin restitūtiō (“a restoring, reinstatement”), a…

It is inherited from Middle English restreinen, also spelled restrainen and restreignen, borrowed from Anglo-Norman restreindre, also restraindre, from the stem of these verbs. Etymonline, the…

It is inherited from Middle English retornen (also returnen), borrowed from Old French retorner (“to turn back, turn round, return”) (modern retourner), formed from re- (“back”) and torner (“to…

It is inherited from Middle English reverten, borrowed from Old French revertir (“to return, change back”), with the Anglo-Norman variant reverter, and in part directly borrowed from Latin revertō…

It is inherited from Middle English riban, borrowed from Anglo-Norman ribane and Middle French riban, a variant of Old French ruban, of uncertain origin. It may come from a Germanic compound whose…

It is inherited from Middle English rift, borrowed from Old Norse ript (“breach, breach of contract”) or a related early Scandinavian form; Barnhart notes that the Old Icelandic word was pronounced…

Middle English rubben is of uncertain origin, perhaps from Low German rubben, and is cognate with East Frisian rubben, to scratch, rub, Low German rubbelig, rough, and Danish rubbe, Swedish rubba…

It is inherited from Middle English seintuarie, borrowed from Anglo-Norman sentuarie and Old French saintuaire (“sacred relic, holy thing, sanctuary”), from Late Latin sānctuārium (“a sacred place…

It is inherited from Middle English semblaunce, borrowed from Old French semblance (“likeness, appearance”), Anglo-Norman semblaunce, from sembler (“to seem, appear, resemble”) and the suffix -ance…

It is formed from English sin + -er, from the verb. The verb sin is from Old English syngian (“to commit sin, transgress”), from the source of the noun synn (“violation of divine law”). Old English…

1. The verb is Middle English slippen, probably borrowed from Middle Low German slippen (“to glide, slide”), or from an unrecorded Old English word, cognate with Old High German slīfan and Old Norse…

1. The underside of the foot is borrowed from Old French sole, from Vulgar Latin *sola, for Latin solea (“sandal, bottom of a shoe; sill”), from solum (“bottom, ground, soil”), of uncertain origin…

1. To name the letters is inherited from Middle English spellen, borrowed from Old French espeller (“to explain; to spell out”), from a Germanic source, probably Frankish *spellōn (“to tell”), from…

It is inherited from Middle English splinter, also splentre and splindre, borrowed from Middle Dutch splinter, also splenter, related to splinte, the source of splint. Dictionary.com allows Middle…

The verb is inherited from Middle English spouten, also sputen. The OED says it may continue an unrecorded Old English verb, or be borrowed from Middle Dutch spouten (“to discharge from a pipe…

1. The verb meaning to crush is inherited from Middle English squachen, borrowed from Old French esquacher, a variant of esquasser and escachier (“to crush, shatter, destroy, break”), from Vulgar…

1. The plant stem is inherited from Middle English stalke, probably a diminutive with a -k suffix from Middle English stale (“upright of a ladder, handle, stalk”). Stale is from Old English stalu…

It is inherited from Middle English statūre, also statur, borrowed from Anglo-Norman stature and Old French estature, from Latin statūra (“height of the body, size, growth”), formed from stat-, the…

The adjective is inherited from Middle English staunche, borrowed from Old French estanche (“firm, watertight”), the feminine of estanc (“tired, exhausted; watertight; dried”), which is now étanche…

It is inherited from Middle English stomak, borrowed from Old French estomac, stomaque, from Latin stomachus (“throat, gullet; stomach; taste, liking; pride, indignation”), from Ancient Greek…

It is inherited from Middle English streight, also streyt and streght, the old past participle of Middle English strecchen, inherited from Old English streht, earlier streaht, the past participle of…

It is inherited from Middle English stonen, also stunen, probably borrowed from Old French estoner (“to stun, daze”) with the loss of its first syllable (modern étonner), through Anglo-Norman…

It is inherited from Middle English stile, borrowed from Old French stile, estile (“stake; style, fashion”), from Latin stilus (“stake; pointed instrument for writing on wax; manner of writing”)…

It is inherited from Middle English sutil, sotil, borrowed from Old French soutil (“adept, cunning, well-crafted”), sotil, from Latin subtilis (“fine, thin, delicate, finely woven”), from sub-…

It is borrowed from Latin successiō (“a following after, a coming into another's place”), partly through Old French succession, inheritance, from success-, past participle stem of succēdō, to come…

It is inherited from Middle English suffisen, also sufficen, borrowed from Old French suffire (“to be sufficient, satisfy”), through its present stem suffis-. The French verb comes from Latin…

It is inherited from Middle English taxacioun, borrowed from Anglo-Norman taxacioun and taxation, and directly borrowed from Latin taxātiō (“a rating, valuing, appraisal”), a noun of action from…

It is inherited from Middle English tenaunt, borrowed from Anglo-Norman tenaunt and Old French tenant (“possessor; feudal tenant”), the present participle of tenir (“to hold”) used as a noun, from…

It is inherited from Middle English ton, borrowed from Old French ton and directly from Latin tonus (“a sound, tone, accent”), literally “a stretching”, in Medieval Latin a musical term, from…

The verb is inherited from Middle English traversen, borrowed from Anglo-Norman traverser and traverser (“to cross, place across”), from Vulgar Latin *trāversō, from Late Latin trānsversō (“to…

It is inherited from Middle English tretis, also tretice and tretise, borrowed from Anglo-Norman tretiz, also tretis, which the OED takes to represent an unrecorded Old French *traitëiz, from…

It is inherited from Middle English trien, borrowed from Anglo-Norman trier, from Old French trier (“to pick out, cull, sift”), a verb also found in Old Occitan triar and Catalan triar. The AHD…

It is Middle English tune, an unexplained variant of tone.

It is inherited from Middle English urine, borrowed from Old French urine (a variant of orine), and directly borrowed from Latin ūrīna. The Latin word is related to Ancient Greek οὖρον (oûron…

It is inherited from Middle English valiaunt, also vailaunt, borrowed from Anglo-Norman valiaunt and Old French vaillant, the present participle, used as an adjective, of valoir (“to be worth”). In…

It is inherited from Middle English vauntage, also vantage, borrowed from Anglo-Norman vantage, a shortened form of avantage (“advantage, profit, superiority”), the source of advantage. The MED also…

It is inherited from Middle English vassal, borrowed from Old French vassal (“subject, subordinate, servant”), from Medieval Latin vassallus (“manservant, domestic, retainer”), extended from vassus…

It is inherited from Middle English verifien, borrowed from Old French verifier (“to substantiate”), from Medieval Latin vērificō (“to make true”), from Latin vērus (“true”) (see very) and -ficō…

It is inherited from Middle English volatil, borrowed from Old French volatil, or directly from Latin volātilis (“flying, winged; fleeting, transitory”), formed with the suffix -ilis from volātus…

It is inherited from Middle English vouchen, also vochen, borrowed from Anglo-Norman voucher and Old French vocher (“to call, summon, invoke, claim”). The French verb is usually explained as from…

It is inherited from Middle English warderobe, borrowed from Anglo-Norman warderobe, the Anglo-Norman and Old Northern French form of garderobe (“dressing room, place where clothes are kept”), a…

1. The agent noun is formed from English wash + -er, in Middle English wassher, from wasshen (“to wash”). The verb is from Old English wascan, from Proto-Germanic *watskaną (“to wash”), which Klein…

It is Middle English wont, wunt, earlier iwoned, inherited from Old English ġewunod, contracted, the past participle of wunian, to dwell, be accustomed, from Proto-Germanic *wunēn, to be content…

It is inherited from Middle English yelden, inherited from Old English ġieldan (“to pay, repay; reward; worship, sacrifice to”) (Anglian geldan), from Proto-Germanic *geldaną (“to pay”), source also…

1. The wet ground is inherited from Middle English bog, borrowed from Irish bogach (“bog”) or Scottish Gaelic bogach, from the adjective bog (“soft, moist”), used in compounds in the sense "bog", as…

It is inherited from Middle English deliverie, borrowed from Anglo-Norman delivrée, the noun use of the feminine past participle of Old French delivrer “to set free; to hand over”, the source of…