English words first recorded in the 14th century

It is inherited from Middle English drogge, borrowed from Old French drogue, droge “supply, stock, provision”, which is of uncertain or unknown origin. It may come from Middle Dutch or Middle Low…

It is inherited from Middle English frenge, borrowed from Old French frenge (“thread, fringe, border”), from Vulgar Latin *frimbia, a metathesis of Late Latin fimbria, from Latin fimbriae (“fibres…

It is inherited from Middle English shrimpe, probably a Germanic word related to Old English scrimman (“to shrink, dry up”) and to Middle High German schrimpfen (“to contract”), Middle Low German…

It is borrowed from Latin acclāmō (“to shout at; to shout approval”), with its spelling remodelled after claim. The Latin verb is formed from ad- (“to, toward”) and clāmō (“to shout, cry out”), from…

It is inherited from Middle English aventurous, also auntrous and adventurous, borrowed from Anglo-Norman aventurous, also aventurus, and Old French aventuros, aventureus, now aventureux, formed…

It is inherited from Middle English affraied, the past participle of the now obsolete verb afray “to frighten”, used as an adjective after borrowed from Anglo-Norman afrayé, from Old French esfreer…

It is inherited from Middle English aimen, partly borrowed from Old French esmer, amer (“to value, estimate”), from Latin aestimō (“to appraise, assess”), and partly from Old French aesmer, from…

It is inherited from Middle English amorous, also amourous and amerous, borrowed from Anglo-Norman amorus, also amerus and amoreus, and Old French amoros (modern amoureux), from Medieval Latin…

It is borrowed from Latin animal (“living being, being that breathes”), perhaps partly through Old French, the noun use of the neuter of animālis (“animate, living, having the breath of life”), from…

It is inherited from Middle English appesen, also apesen, borrowed from Anglo-Norman apeser, from Old French apaisier, also apeser and apeiser, now French apaiser, "to bring to peace, pacify". The…

It is inherited from Middle English armurie, also armorie and armerie, borrowed from Anglo-Norman armurie, also spelled armoierie, which from the early 14th century meant armour and weapons, a…

It is inherited from Middle English bacoun, borrowed from Old French bacon, from Frankish *bako, ham, flitch, from Proto-Germanic *bakkon, back meat, source also of Old High German bahho, side of…

It is borrowed from Anglo-Norman barbour, barber, from Old French barbeor and barbier, formed on barbe (“beard”), which continues Latin barba (“beard”). Etymonline and Klein reconstruct Vulgar Latin…

It is inherited from Middle English bargayn, borrowed from Anglo-Norman bargayne, from Old French bargaine (“business, trade, deal”), from bargaignier (“to haggle over the price”) (modern French…

It is inherited from Middle English barge, borrowed from Old French barge, also Anglo-Norman, where the word is recorded from 1121–25 for a seagoing sailing vessel, a war vessel and a river boat…

1. To beat is inherited from Middle English bateren, borrowed from Old French batre (“to beat, strike”), modern battre, also through baterer, from Latin battuō (“to beat, strike”). Barnhart explains…

It is inherited from Middle English brokour, borrowed from Anglo-Norman brocour (“small trader”), beside abrokur (“retailer of wine, tapster”), probably from Old French brocheor (brokeor in Old…

1. The undergrowth is Middle English brusche, borrowed from Anglo-Norman bruce (“brushwood”), Old French broce (“bush, thicket”), from Gallo-Romance *brocia, perhaps from *brūcus, heather (see…

1. The rough edge is a spelling variant of bur, which is inherited from Middle English burre, probably from a Scandinavian source. Dictionaries compare Danish burre (“bur, burdock”) and Swedish…

It is inherited from Middle English carcais, also karkeis, carcois and carcas, borrowed from Anglo-Norman carcois, also carcas, corresponding to Old French charcois, and partly borrowed from…

It is inherited from Middle English certifien, also certefien, borrowed from Old French certifier (“to make certain, witness the truth of”), in the 13th century certefier, from Late Latin certificō…

It is inherited from Middle English chetour, also cheitur, shortened from Middle English eschetour, also achetour, that is escheator. Merriam-Webster calls it a modification of the Anglo-Norman…

It is inherited from Middle English chike, a shortening of chiken, chicken, which Hoad thinks lost its final n in southern dialects, where chick is sometimes singular and chicken plural.

It is Middle English chip, chippe, inherited from Old English cipp (“small piece of wood, beam, log”), which corresponds to Old Saxon kip (“post”), Old High German kipfa (“wagon pole, axle”) and Old…

It is formed from English clip + -er, first as Middle English clippere, from clippen (“to cut, shear”). The verb clip in this sense is probably from Old Norse klippa (“to clip, cut”). The ship…

It is inherited from Middle English compilour, borrowed from Anglo-Norman compilour, also compileor and compileur, from Latin compīlātor, which Merriam-Webster and Dictionary.com give as Late Latin…

It is borrowed from Old French confus (“troubled, confused; confounded”) or Latin cōnfūsus (“mixed together; confused”), taken into Middle English in the 14th century as the past participle…

It is inherited from Middle English consideracioun, borrowed from Old French consideracion and directly consideratio (“consideration, contemplation”), a noun of action from considerāre (“to look at…

It is inherited from Middle English conspiracie, borrowed from Anglo-Norman conspiracie, an alteration of conspiration, from Latin conspīrātio (“agreement, union, plot”), from conspīrāre (“to agree…

It is inherited from Middle English copie, borrowed from Old French copie, from Medieval Latin copia (“reproduction, transcript”), from Latin cōpia (“plenty, abundance; ability, opportunity”), from…

It is inherited from Middle English dart, borrowed from Old French dart, the accusative of darz or dars, later spelled dard. The French word is of Germanic origin, from Frankish *daroþ according to…

It is inherited from Middle English deen, den, borrowed from Anglo-Norman deen, Old French deien (modern French doyen), from Late Latin decānus (“chief of a group of ten”), from decem (“ten”). Hoad…

It is inherited from Middle English diapre, borrowed from Anglo-Norman diapere and Middle French diapre, variants of diaspre, earlier Old French diaspre (“silken fabric richly decorated with a…

It is inherited from Middle English diocise, also diocese and diosise, borrowed from Old French diocise, also diocese, recorded in Anglo-Norman from about 1275, now diocèse. The French word comes…

It is inherited from Middle English dischargen, borrowed from Old French deschargier (“to unload”) (modern French décharger), from Late Latin discarricō (“to unload”), from dis-, expressing…

It is inherited from Middle English enter, also entier, borrowed from Anglo-Norman enter, Old French entier (“whole, unbroken, complete”), from Latin integrum, the neuter of integer (“whole…

It is inherited from Middle English fleccher, borrowed from Old French flechier (“arrow-maker”) (also flecher), formed from fleche (“arrow”), the source of flèche. In Anglo-Norman the word is…

1. The verb is inherited from Middle English foilen (“to trample”), borrowed from Old French fouler (“to full cloth, trample, oppress”), of which the English form is an irregular representation…

1. The smith's word is inherited from Middle English forgen, borrowed from Old French forgier (modern forger), from Latin fabricō (“to frame, construct, build”), itself from fabrica (“workshop…

It is borrowed from Anglo-Norman forteresce and Old French forteresse (“strength, strong place”), recorded in Anglo-Norman from 1155, from fort (“strong”); it is a variant of, or a form parallel to…

It is inherited from Middle English fraternite, borrowed from Old French fraternité, also fraternitee, and directly borrowed from Latin frāternitās (“brotherhood”), from frāternus (“brotherly”)…

1. The word for a coating of gold is inherited from Middle English gilt, also gilte, the past participle of gilden (“to gild”) used as an adjective, later also as a noun. The verb is gyldan (“to…

It is inherited from Middle English gunne, gonne, apparently a shortening of the woman's name Gunilda, found in Middle English gonnilde “cannon” and in an Anglo-Latin record of 1330 that calls a…

1. The adjective meaning healthy is inherited from Middle English hale, also hal, the northern and Scots form of the word that became whole, inherited from Old English hāl (“healthy, sound, safe…

It is inherited from Middle English hamelet, also hamlet, borrowed from Old French hamelet, in Anglo-Norman also hamelete and hamlette. It is a diminutive with -et of hamel (“village”), now French…

It is inherited from Middle English hasti, borrowed from Old French hasti, a variant of hastif (“swift, hurried; rash”), from the noun haste (“haste, urgency”). The Anglo-Norman hastif is recorded…

It is formed from English heart + break, the second element being the noun break, an act of breaking. The OED compares the phrase to break a person's heart, which Etymonline dates from about 1400…

It is borrowed from Old French honesté (“respectability, decency, honourable action”) (12th century), from Latin honestās, honour, reputation, integrity, from honestus, honourable (see honest).

It is inherited from Middle English in dede (“in fact, in truth”), from the preposition in and deed, from Old English dǣd (“a doing, act”). It was commonly written separately until about 1600.

The verb is inherited from Middle English instituten, borrowed from Latin īnstitūtus, past participle of īnstituō (“to set up, establish; to appoint; to teach”), from in- (“in”) and statuō (“to…

It is formed from in and take, after the phrase take in.

1. The verb meaning to strike is inherited from Middle English lashen (“to deal a blow; to move violently”), probably of imitative origin. The OED calls the etymology difficult: an imitative origin…

It is inherited from Middle English litere, also liter, borrowed from Anglo-Norman litere (“portable bed”), and Old French litiere (“litter, stretcher, bier; straw, bedding”), from Medieval Latin…

It is inherited from Middle English luxurious, also luxorious and luxsorious, borrowed from Old French luxurios (“lustful, lascivious”), modern luxurieux, from Latin luxuriōsus (“immoderate…

It is formed from Middle English mad + man, at first written separately, as madd man. The one-word form is recorded from about 1400 and became the usual one in the 16th century. Mad goes back to the…

It is inherited from Middle English margine, borrowed from Latin margo (“edge, brink, border”) (genitive marginis), partly through margin, from PIE Proto-Indo-European *merg- (“boundary, border”)…

It is inherited from Middle English marchis, later also markys and marques, borrowed from Anglo-Norman marchis, also markys, the same word as Middle French marchis (“marcher lord”). Both come from…

It is inherited from Middle English mene-time, from mean, occupying a middle position, intermediate, and time.

It is inherited from Middle English mesurable, borrowed from Anglo-Norman mesurable (“moderate, reasonable, able to be measured”), also mesurable, from Late Latin mēnsūrābilis (“able to be measured…

It is borrowed from Late Latin metropolitanus, from Greek μητροπολίτης (mētropolítēs, “resident of a city; citizen of a mother state”), from μητρόπολις (mētrópolis, “mother city; capital; see of a…