English words first recorded in the 14th century

The noun is inherited from Middle English ethik, also etik, borrowed from Middle French ethique, the title of a study of or treatise on ethics and moral philosophy (Old French etique, about 1245, of…

It is inherited from Middle English extravagaunt, in its first, canon-law sense borrowed from Medieval Latin extrāvagāns (“wandering outside or beyond”), the present participle of extrāvagor, formed…

It is borrowed from Latin Germānus, plural Germānī, a name first found in Julius Caesar, who used Germānī for a group of tribes in northeastern Gaul. The name is of unknown origin and is considered…

It is inherited from Middle English hors-sho, also with the genitive horses sho, formed from Middle English hors + sho, that is horse and shoe. Etymonline finds it as a proper name from the early…

It is inherited from Middle English empechement, borrowed from Old French empechement, also empeschement and empeechement, modern empêchement, from empeechier (“to hinder, impede”) (see impeach) and…

It is probably borrowed from Old French indirect (14th century) or directly from Late Latin indīrēctus, not direct, from in-, not, and dīrēctus (see direct).

It is inherited from Middle English informacion, borrowed from Old French informacion (also enformacion), from Latin informātiō (“outline, concept, idea”) (accusative informātiōnem), a noun of…

It is inherited from Middle English inhibicioun, borrowed from Old French inibicion, later spelled with h, and directly borrowed from Latin inhibitiō (“a restraining”), a noun of action from inhibeō…

It is inherited from Middle English ginglen, also gingelen, of imitative origin. The OED compares dingle, tinkle, Dutch jengelen and German klingeln, which goes back to Old High German klingilōn, a…

1. The distance is inherited from Middle English lege, also leuge, borrowed from Old Occitan lega or Old French legue and directly Late Latin leuga, leuca, which Roman writers say is from Gaulish…

It is inherited from Middle English mediacioun, also mediacion, borrowed from Anglo-Norman mediacion and directly borrowed from Late Latin mediātiō (“intervention, intercession; halving”)…

It is inherited from Middle English multiplicacioun, borrowed from Anglo-Norman multiplicacion and Middle French multiplication, and directly borrowed from Latin multiplicātiō (“increase in number…

It is inherited from Middle English objeccioun, partly borrowed from Old French objection (“reply, argument in opposition”), recorded in Old French from the late 12th century, and partly from its…

It is inherited from Middle English obstinat, borrowed from Latin obstinātus (“resolute, determined, stubborn”), the past participle of obstinō (“to persist, stand stubbornly, set one's mind on”)…

It is inherited from Middle English origine, probably borrowed from Middle French origine, and directly from Latin orīgō (“rise, beginning, source; descent, birth”) (stem orīgin-), from orior “to…

It is inherited from Middle English particuler, borrowed from Old French particuler (modern French particulier) and directly borrowed from Late Latin particulāris (“of or concerning a part”), from…

It is inherited from Middle English personal, borrowed from Old French personal (also personel, modern personnel), from Late Latin persōnālis (“pertaining to a person”), from Latin persōna, the…

It is inherited from Middle English pewe, also puwe and pywe, borrowed from Old French puie (“parapet, balustrade, balcony, platform”), also poie and puy, recorded from the late 12th century, from…

It is inherited from Middle English poinaunt, also poynaunt and pugnaunt, borrowed from Anglo-Norman poignant and Middle French poignant, the present participle of poindre (“to prick, sting…

It is formed from English poll + -ard. For a hornless animal, a lopped tree and bran, the base is the verb meaning to cut off the top or crop the hair, itself from the noun meaning head, polle…

It is inherited from Middle English posterite, borrowed from Middle French postérité and directly borrowed from Latin posteritās (“descendants, future generations, future ages”). The American…

It is inherited from Middle English prerogatif, borrowed from Anglo-Norman prerogative and Middle French prerogative, and directly borrowed from Latin praerogātīva (“previous choice; prior right…

It is inherited from Middle English prioritie, borrowed from Old French priorite and directly from Medieval Latin prioritas (“the fact of being prior”), from Latin prior (“former”). It is related to…

It is partly borrowed from Middle French probable, partly probābilis (“that may be proved, credible, worthy of approval”), formed with the suffix -bilis (English -able) on probō (“to test, approve…

It is inherited from Middle English professour, borrowed from Old French professeur, and directly borrowed from Latin professor (“one who professes to be expert in an art or science; teacher of the…

It is inherited from Middle English promoten, borrowed from Old French promoter, and directly from Latin prōmōtus, past participle of prōmoveō “to move forward, advance”, from prō “forward” and…

It is inherited from Middle English publicacioun, borrowed from Old French publicacion and directly from Latin pūblicātiō (“a making public”), a noun of action from pūblicō “to make public”, from…

It is inherited from Middle English coten, later quoten, borrowed from Old French coter and directly from Medieval Latin quotō (“to number chapters, mark off into chapters and verses”), from Latin…

It is inherited from Middle English regent, borrowed from Anglo-Norman regent, and directly borrowed from Latin regēns (“ruling; ruler”), the present participle of regō (“to rule, direct”). The…

It is inherited from Middle English reguler, borrowed from Old French reguler (“ecclesiastical”) (modern régulier), and directly borrowed from Late Latin rēgulāris (“containing rules for guidance”)…

It is inherited from Middle English relatif, borrowed from Old French relatif and directly from Late Latin relātīvus (“having reference or relation”), from Latin relātus, used as the past participle…

It is inherited from Middle English representatif, borrowed from Middle French représentatif (early 14th century), or directly from Medieval Latin repraesentātīvus, from repraesentātus, past…

It is inherited from Middle English resignacioun, borrowed from Old French resignation and directly from Medieval Latin resignātiō, resignātiōnem, from Latin resignō, to unseal, annul, give back…

It is inherited from Middle English rogacioun, partly borrowed from Middle French rogacion and partly directly borrowed from Latin rogātiō (“request, questioning; a measure put before a Roman…

1. The rock is borrowed from Old Norse sker (“low reef, rock in the sea”), in Middle English skerre, also spelled with -a-. The Norse word comes from the Germanic root *sker-, to cut, seen in skera…

1. The fragment is inherited from Middle English scrappe, borrowed from Old Norse skrap (“scraps, trifles”), related to skrapa (“to scrape”) (see scrape). 2. The fight is possibly a variant from…

It is inherited from Middle English secretarie, borrowed from Medieval Latin sēcrētārius (“clerk, notary, scribe; confidential officer, confidant”), the noun use of an adjective meaning “private…

1. The table attendant is inherited from Middle English sewer, an aphetic form borrowed from Anglo-Norman asseour (“one who seats”), from Old French asseoir (“to cause to sit, to seat”), Latin…

It is inherited from Middle English schalowe, of obscure origin, probably related to the synonymous Middle English schald, inherited from Old English sceald (“shallow”) (see shoal), perhaps an…

It is inherited from Middle English simile, borrowed from Latin simile (“a like thing; comparison, parallel, likeness”), the neuter, used as a noun, of similis (“like, resembling, of the same…

It is inherited from Middle English sclendre, later slendre, which the MED, Etymonline, Barnhart and Klein take as borrowed from Anglo-Norman esclendre (“thin, slender”). The Anglo-Norman adjective…

It is inherited from Middle English sociale, borrowed from Middle French social and directly borrowed from Latin sociālis (“of companions or allies, living with others”), from socius (“companion…

It is inherited from Middle English solidus, also solidy, borrowed from Late Latin solidus (“an imperial Roman gold coin”), in full solidus nummus (“solid coin”), properly a coin of thick or solid…

It is inherited from Middle English sodewen, also sudewen and later subdewen, borrowed from Anglo-Norman soduire (“to restrain, control; to conquer”), also suduire and subdure. In Old French…

It is inherited from Middle English subsidie, partly borrowed from Anglo-Norman subsidie, recorded in Anglo-Norman from 1354 or earlier, a variant with a changed suffix of subside (“help…

It is inherited from Middle English terrible, borrowed from Old French terrible and directly from Latin terribilis (“frightful”), from terreō (“to fill with fear, frighten”), from…

It is inherited from Middle English tonsure, borrowed from Old French tonsure and directly borrowed from Latin tōnsūra (“a shearing, clipping”), also found as tonsure in Anglo-Norman from 1309. The…

It is formed from English un- + due, first as inherited from Middle English undewe, on the model of Old French indeu and Latin indēbitus. The Shorter Oxford names indu as the model. The base…

It is inherited from Middle English usualle, from Old French usuel “current, valid”, 13th century, and directly borrowed from Late Latin ūsuālis (“ordinary, customary; for use”), from Latin ūsus…

It is borrowed from Latin valva (“leaf of a folding door”) (usually plural valvae, a folding door), literally that which turns, related to volvere (“to roll”) (see volume), from PIE…

It is Middle English, borrowed from Old French variable (“various, changeable, fickle”) and directly Late Latin variabilis (“changeable”), from variāre (“to change”) (see vary) and -abilis, -able.

It is inherited from Middle English viscounte, borrowed from Anglo-Norman viscounte, also vescounte, and Old French visconte, also viconte (modern French vicomte). The Anglo-Norman word is recorded…

The noun is inherited from Middle English vomit, also vomet, borrowed from Anglo-Norman vomit or vomite, or directly borrowed from Latin vomitus (“a vomiting”), from the past participle of vomō (“to…

It is inherited from Middle English addicioun, borrowed from Old French adition (“increase, augmentation”), from Latin additiō (“an adding to”) (accusative additiōnem), from additus, the past…

It is formed from English avenge + -er. Avenge is from Anglo-Norman avenger, avengier, from a- (“to”) and vengier (“to take revenge”), from Latin vindicō (“to claim, avenge, punish”).

It is inherited from Middle English barbarik, borrowed from Old French barbarique (“of barbarous kind”) or directly borrowed from Latin barbaricus (“foreign, strange, outlandish”); the OED thinks…

It is borrowed from Old French civilien (“of the civil law”), from the phrase droit civilien, civil law, formed from cīvīlis (“of a citizen”) (see civil), from cīvis (“townsman, citizen”) (see city).

It is inherited from Middle English coronacioun, borrowed from Old French coronacion, and directly borrowed from Medieval Latin corōnātiō (“a crowning”). Etymonline and Barnhart call the Latin…

It is inherited from Middle English preferren, borrowed from Old French preferer (14th century), and directly from Latin praeferō (“to carry in front, place before, prefer”), from prae “before” and…

1. The fuller and the frill is inherited from Middle English tukere (also tokker, touker), formed from Middle English tukken (“to tuck”) + -er (“agent suffix”), that is, from the verb tuck and the…