English words first recorded in the 14th century

It is inherited from Middle English referren, borrowed from Old French referer and directly from Latin referō (“to carry back”), from re- “back” and ferō “to carry”, from Proto-Indo-European *bher-…

It is inherited from Middle English resisten, borrowed from Old French resister (“to hold out against”) and directly borrowed from Latin resistere (“to stand back; to withstand, oppose”), from re-…

It is inherited from Middle English resolven, borrowed from Old French resolver or directly borrowed from Latin resolvere (“to loosen, undo, settle”), from re- (“back; intensive”) and solvere (“to…

The noun is borrowed from Old French resort (“resource, help, remedy”), from resortir (“to resort”), literally “to go out again”, from re- (“again”) and sortir (“to go out”) (see sortie), whose…

It is inherited from Middle English rumour, also rumor and romour, borrowed from Old French rumor, also rumour and rumur, now rumeur, and directly from Latin rūmor (“noise, clamour; common talk…

It is an alteration, under the influence of Latin, of earlier scrite (before 1300), borrowed from Old French escrit (“a writing, a written paper”) (also Anglo-Norman scrit; modern French écrit)…

It is borrowed from Old French sensible and directly from Latin sēnsibilis, having feeling, perceptible by the senses, from sēnsus, past participle of sentiō, to feel, perceive (see sense).

It is inherited from Middle English sentement, borrowed from Old French sentement and directly from Medieval Latin sentīmentum, feeling, affection, opinion, from Latin sentiō, to feel (see sense)…

It is formed from English shadow + -y. In Middle English it was shadwī, also shadewi, formed on shadwe (“shadow”); the MED and Etymonline compare Old English sceadwig (“shady”). The noun is from Old…

It is inherited from Middle English soren, borrowed from Old French essorer (“to fly up, soar”), with the loss of the first syllable, from Vulgar Latin *exaurō (“to rise into the air; to expose to…

It is borrowed from Old French speculacion (“close observation, rapt attention”) and directly from Late Latin speculātiō, contemplation, a spying out, from the past participle of Latin speculor, to…

It is inherited from Middle English submitten, borrowed from Latin submittere (“to lower, let down, put under, yield”), from sub- (“under”) and mittere (“to let go, send”) (see mission).

It is inherited from Middle English surplus, borrowed from Old French surplus (Old French also sorplus (“remainder, extra”)), from Medieval Latin superplūs (“excess, surplus”), from super- (“over…

It is formed from English sweat + -y, first as swety in Middle English.

It is inherited from Middle English theatre, borrowed from Old French theatre, and directly from Latin theātrum (“playhouse, theatre; stage; spectators”), from Ancient Greek θέατρον (théātron…

It is formed from English thrift + -y, Middle English thrifti. The OED takes the noun from thrive with the suffix -t of drift and gift, and thinks that Old Norse þrift (“thriving condition…

It is inherited from Middle English transporten, borrowed from Middle French transporter (“to carry across; to overwhelm emotionally”) and directly from Latin trānsportō (“to carry over, take…

It is inherited from Middle English tremour, also tremor, borrowed from Old French tremor, also tremour, meaning fear or terror from the 13th century and a trembling or quivering from the 15th, and…

It is inherited from Middle English twiteren, of imitative origin, with the frequentative suffix -er. Compare Old High German zwizzirōn and German zwitschern, “to twitter”, Danish kvidre and Old…

It is inherited from Middle English universel, universal, borrowed from Old French universel and directly from Latin ūniversālis (“of or belonging to all”), from ūniversus “all together, whole…

It is borrowed from Middle French univers, Old French univers (12th century), and directly from Latin ūniversum (“all things, the whole world”), the noun use of the neuter of ūniversus (“all…

It is inherited from Middle English urne, borrowed from Latin urna (“jar, vessel of baked clay; water-jar; vessel for the ashes of the dead”), perhaps through Old French urne; the Anglo-Norman word…

It is inherited from Middle English vapour, borrowed from Anglo-Norman vapour, also vapor, and directly borrowed from Latin vapor (“steam, exhalation, warmth”), earlier vapōs. In Old French it was…

It is inherited from Middle English variaunt, borrowed from Old French variant, and also comes directly from Latin variāns (“changing, varying”), the present participle of variō (“to change, vary”)…

It is inherited from Middle English voltor, also voltur, borrowed from Anglo-Norman vultur, and Old French voltour, also voutre (now vautour), from Latin vultur, earlier voltur, or from its…

1. The plant is inherited from Middle English welde, also wolde, which the OED and Hoad trace to an unrecorded inherited from Old English *wealde, Anglian *walde. It is related to Middle Low German…

It is inherited from Middle English abandounen, borrowed from Old French abandoner (“to surrender, release, give freely”), from the phrase à bandon, at will, under one's control, from à, at, to…

It is inherited from Middle English antiquite, borrowed from Anglo-Norman antiquité, also antequyté, whose Old French form was antiquitet, and partly directly borrowed from Latin antīquitās…

It is inherited from Middle English apparaunt, apparent, borrowed from Old French aparant (“evident, obvious, visible”), aparent (modern French apparent), the present participle of aparoir “to…

It is borrowed from Old French arengier (“to put in a row, in battle order”), from a-, to (Latin ad-), and rangier, to set in a row, from rang, rank, from Frankish *hring, ring (see range and ring).

It is inherited from Middle English aresten, borrowed from Old French arester (“to stay, stop”) (12th century, modern arrêter), from Vulgar Latin *arrestō “to stop, restrain”, from ad “to” and Latin…

It is inherited from Middle English assuren, borrowed from Old French aseürer (“to reassure, render sure”), asseurer (modern French assurer), from Vulgar Latin *assēcūrō, from Latin ad-, to, and…

It is inherited from Middle English avengen, borrowed from Anglo-Norman avenger, from Old French avengier, formed from a- (“to”), from Latin ad-, and vengier (“to take revenge”), now French venger…

It is inherited from Middle English bicause, from the phrase bi cause, formed from English by + cause, after Old French par cause de (“by reason of”). By is from Old English bī, and cause is from…

It is formed from English belove + -ed, as biloved, the past participle of biloven (“to please; to love”). That verb is made up of bi- and loven (“to love”), and the OED compares Old Frisian…

1. It is inherited from Middle English ben, binnen, inherited from Old English binnan (“within, from within”), from be- and innan (“within”), from in. The SOED compares Old Frisian binna and Dutch…

It is inherited from Middle English blundren, also blondren, probably borrowed from Old Swedish blundra (“to have one's eyes closed”), a frequentative of Old Norse blunda (“to shut the eyes”)…

It is inherited from Middle English botel, borrowed from Old French boteille (“wine vessel”), bouteille (12th century), from Medieval Latin butticula (Vulgar Latin *butticula, also the source of…

It is inherited from Middle English capitayn, capitane, borrowed from Old French capitain, capitaine, which replaced the earlier chevetaigne, from Late Latin capitāneus (“chief, prominent”), from…

It is borrowed from Old French cent (“hundred”), from Latin centum (“hundred”), which is related to hundred. Hoad also allows Italian cento as a source of the coin name.

It is a shortening of Middle English acheten, eschete, from escheat, the legal reversion of property to the lord or state when the owner dies without heirs, from Old French eschete, literally that…

It is inherited from Middle English climat, borrowed from Old French climat (“region, part of the earth”), from Late Latin clima (“region; slope of the earth”) (genitive climatis), from Ancient…

It is inherited from Middle English comunete (Scots comminite), borrowed from Old French comuneté, later reshaped after its source Latin commūnitās (“fellowship, community”), from commūnis (“common…

It is inherited from Middle English comparen, borrowed from Old French comparer, from Latin comparō (“to pair, match, liken”), from compār “like, equal”, from com- “with” and pār “equal”. It is…

It is inherited from Middle English consideren, borrowed from Old French considerer (“to reflect on, consider, study”), a learned borrowing from Latin cōnsīderō (“to look at closely, examine…

It is inherited from Middle English conveien, borrowed from Anglo-Norman conveier (kept in Old Northern French, where Central French had convoier), from Medieval or Vulgar Latin Medieval Latin…

The verb is inherited from Middle English convoyen, borrowed from Old French convoier (“to accompany, escort”), a variant of conveier, which gave convey; the OED cites the French verb in its Middle…

It is formed from English coward + -ly, Middle English couardli, first as an adverb and much later as an adjective. The base is from Old French coart, also cuard, from coe (“tail”), from Latin cauda…

It is formed from English cup + board, first as inherited from Middle English cuppebord, also copberd and cobbord, from cuppe and bord (“board, table”). The OED allows that the first element may…

It is, through Old French délicat or directly, borrowed from Latin dēlicātus (“alluring, delightful, luxurious, dainty”), which is of unknown origin but is related, at least by folk etymology, to…

It is inherited from Middle English disparagen, also desparagen, borrowed from Old French desparagier (“to marry unequally”), found also as desperager, and in Anglo-Norman as desparager from the…

It is inherited from Middle English dominacioun, borrowed from Old French domination, also dominacion, recorded from the 12th century, and directly Latin dominātiō (“lordship, dominion, rule”)…

It is inherited from Middle English douere, also dowere, borrowed from Anglo-Norman dower and Old French douaire, also doaire, from Medieval Latin dōtārium, from dōtō (“to endow, portion”), from dōs…

It is inherited from Middle English endouen, earlier also indowen, borrowed from Anglo-Norman endouer, which is formed from en- (“in, towards”) and douer (“to endow, give as a gift”), from Latin…

It is inherited from Middle English ensigne (“sign, token, banner”), first in Scottish use, borrowed from Old French enseigne (“mark, symbol, signal; flag, standard”), from Latin īnsignia, plural of…

It is borrowed from Late Latin ethnicus (“heathen”), from Greek ἐθνικός (ethnikós, “of a nation, national; foreign, gentile”), from ἔθνος (éthnos, “band of people, nation, tribe”), from…

1. The adjective meaning “suitable” is inherited from Middle English fit, fytt, of unknown origin. It may come from the Middle English noun fitte “an adversary of equal power, one's match” (before…

1. The verb meaning to cheat is inherited from Middle English fobben, which the Middle English Dictionary and Barnhart derive from the noun fob (“a cheat, trickster”), recorded once, in “Piers…

It is inherited from Middle English glimeren, also glemeren, which the OED takes to be inherited from Old English *glimorian, a frequentative of the root of glim and gleam. The Shorter Oxford, Hoad…

It is inherited from Middle English governaunce, borrowed from Old French governance (“government, rule; rule of conduct”), from governer, to govern, and -ance.