hoarã

Forms

hoarã f (plural hori, definite articulation hoara)^[1]

• Plural hori or hoari, definite singular hoara.^[2][1]
• Other spellings: hore in Wiktionary;^[1] HOÁRĂ in Papahagi's dictionary, plural hori or hoare;^[3] hoară in Mihăileanu's Romanian-based spelling;^[4] Χωάρᾳ in the Greek script of Kavalliotis's word list, which its editor reads hoarä.^[5]
• Regional forms: ho'arā, plural ho'ari, in the village of Turia;^[6] hoáră, plural hoáre, in the dialect of Metsovo.^[7]

Etymology

It is borrowed from Modern Greek χώρα (chóra, “land, country; village”),^[3][8] a word Wiktionary takes straight from Ancient Greek χώρα (khṓra).^[1] Pascu sets beside it the diminutive χωρίον (choríon, “village”) and compares Bulgarian хора (hora, “people”), which goes back to the same Greek word.^[8]

In Ancient Greek the word meant "space, place, position", then "region, land, country" and "estate".^[9][10] Its origin is uncertain: Beekes, after LIV, connects it with χήρα (khḗra, “widow”) and a root Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰeh₁- (“to leave behind”), so that the first sense would have been "unoccupied space",^[9] and Babiniotis gives the same explanation with reserve;^[11] Chantraine's dictionary leaves the analysis open.^[9]

Earliest recorded meaning

The first record is in Kavalliotis's word list of 1770, where Χωάρᾳ renders Modern Greek χώρα (chóra), glossed "village" by its editor.^[5]

Semantic evolution

In Aromanian the Greek word for "land, country" narrowed to "village", the main sense in Cunia, who describes it as a group of houses, much smaller than a town, whose people live mostly from farming.^[2][1] The wider sense survives beside it: DDA and Mihăileanu also give "country, region",^[3][4] and in Metsovo it is a settlement of any size, a municipality and one's home place.^[7] In the tales tută hoara "the whole village" means everybody, and di hoară di hoară "from village to village".^[12][3]

Timeline

• 1770 – Χωάρᾳ “village” in Kavalliotis's word list.^[5]
• 1901 – hoară “country, village” in Mihăileanu's dictionary.^[4]
• 1905 – hoară “village, commune, small town” in the glossary of P. Papahagi's tales.^[12]
• 1925 – Pascu derives it from Greek χώρα.^[8]

Meanings

Noun

1. A village.^[2][1][3]
2. A country, land, region.^[3][4][13]
3. (Turia) A settled shepherds' village.^[6]

References

1. ^ a b c d e f Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c Cunia, Tiberius (2008), Dictsiunar a limbãljei armãneascã, Editsii Timpurarã (after T. Papahagi, Ș. Mihăileanu and I. Dalametra; online at dixionline.net), p. 545
3. ^ a b c d e f Papahagi, Tache (1974), Dicționarul dialectului aromân, general și etimologic, 2nd augmented ed., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România, p. 663
4. ^ a b c d Mihăileanu, Ștefan (1901), Dicționar macedo-român, București, p. 238
5. ^ a b c Meyer, Gustav (1895), Albanesische Studien IV: Das griechisch-südrumänisch-albanesische Wörterverzeichnis des Kavalliotis, Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, phil.-hist. Classe 132, p. 125
6. ^ a b Бара, Мариана; Каль, Теде; Соболев, Андрей Н. (2005), Южноарумынский говор села Турия (Малый диалектологический атлас балканских языков, серия монографий 1), p. 385
7. ^ a b Δασούλας, Φώτης (2013), Το βλαχικό ιδίωμα του Μετσόβου, 2nd ed.
8. ^ a b c Pascu, Giorge (1925), Dictionnaire étymologique macédoroumain, 2 vols. (I: Les éléments latins et romans; II: Les éléments grecs, turcs, slaves, albanais, germaniques, magyars, néologismes, créations immédiates, obscurs), Iași: Cultura Națională, p. 2, 51
9. ^ a b c Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), Etymological Dictionary of Greek, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 10, Leiden; Boston: Brill
10. ^ Liddell, Henry George; Scott, Robert; Jones, Henry Stuart (1940), A Greek-English Lexicon, 9th ed., Oxford: Clarendon Press
11. ^ Babiniotis, Georgios (2010), Ετυμολογικό λεξικό της νέας ελληνικής γλώσσας [Etymological Dictionary of Modern Greek], Athens: Κέντρο Λεξικολογίας
12. ^ a b Papahagi, Pericle (1905), Basme aromâne și glosar, București: Academia Română, p. 613
13. ^ Bara, Mariana (2024), Dictsiunarlu ti cathi dzuuã, online at dixionline.net