izvur

Forms

izvur n (plural izvuri or izvure, definite singular izvurlu, definite plural izvurli)^[1]

• Wiktionary gives the plural izvuri or izvure and the definite forms izvurlu and izvurli;^[1] Cunia also lists izvor.^[2]
• Other spellings: ÍZVUR, plural ízvure, in Papahagi's dictionary, which treats izvor as a learned form;^[3] ίσβουρου (izvuru) in Nikolaidis's Greek script.^[4] Pascu also records izur, isvor in Papahagi's tales and izvor in Boiagi.^[5]
• Regional forms: ízvuru, plural ízvure, in Metsovo;^[6] izvur in Turia, for the source of a river.^[7]

Etymology

It is borrowed from Old Church Slavonic изворъ (izvorŭ, “spring, source”),^[8][3] and Pascu files it among the Slavic elements.^[5] Wiktionary gives the Proto-Slavic form *jьzvorъ, which ESSJa explains as a derivative of the verb *jьzvьrěti.^[1][9] BER derives Bulgarian извор (izvor, “spring”) from the verb изворам (izvoram), with a different grade of the root vowel.^[10]

Romanian izvor and Megleno-Romanian izvor have the same Slavic source.^[11][12]

Earliest recorded meaning

No dated record is older than the dictionaries;^[3] Papahagi cites the word from Dalametra, Nikolaidis and Mihăileanu with the sense "spring".^[3]

Semantic evolution

The Old Church Slavonic word meant a spring.^[8] In Aromanian it is the place where water gushes out of the ground, and the place where a river begins;^[13][7] figuratively, a place or thing from which something comes (light, heat, ideas), and a cause or origin.^[13][1] Papahagi notes a place name in Epirus formed from it.^[3]

Timeline

• 1909 – ίσβουρου (izvuru) “spring” in Nikolaidis's dictionary.^[4]
• 1925 – Capidan derives it from Old Church Slavonic izvorŭ.^[8]
• 1925 – Pascu files it among the Slavic elements.^[5]
• 2005 – izvur in the dictionary of Turia.^[7]

Meanings

Noun

1. A spring of water, where it gushes out of the ground.^[13][3][1]
2. The source of a river.^[13][7]
3. (figurative) A source or origin; a cause.^[13][1]
4. A source, an original document.^[1]

Word family

• izvuric

Related words

• Romanian izvor

Usage notes

Papahagi distinguishes izvur, the place where water gushes from the ground, from fãntãnã, the place where water that comes out of the ground first collects.^[3]

References

1. ^ a b c d e f g Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ Cunia, Tiberius (2008), Dictsiunar a limbãljei armãneascã, Editsii Timpurarã (after T. Papahagi, Ș. Mihăileanu and I. Dalametra; online at dixionline.net), p. 568
3. ^ a b c d e f g Papahagi, Tache (1963), Dicționarul dialectului aromân, general și etimologic, București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. 583
4. ^ a b Νικολαΐδης, Κωνσταντίνος (1909), Ετυμολογικόν λεξικόν της κουτσοβλαχικής γλώσσης, Αθήνα, p. 179
5. ^ a b c Pascu, Giorge (1925), Dictionnaire étymologique macédoroumain, 2 vols. (I: Les éléments latins et romans; II: Les éléments grecs, turcs, slaves, albanais, germaniques, magyars, néologismes, créations immédiates, obscurs), Iași: Cultura Națională, p. 2, 195
6. ^ Δασούλας, Φώτης (2013), Το βλαχικό ιδίωμα του Μετσόβου, 2nd ed.
7. ^ a b c d Бара, Мариана; Каль, Теде; Соболев, Андрей Н. (2005), Южноарумынский говор села Турия (Малый диалектологический атлас балканских языков, серия монографий 1), p. 318
8. ^ a b c Capidan, Theodor (1925), Elementul slav în dialectul aromân, București (Academia Română, Memoriile Secțiunii Literare, seria III, tomul II, mem. 4), p. 71
9. ^ Trubačev, Oleg N.; Žuravlev, Anatolij F.; Varbot, Žanna Ž. (eds.) (1974–2021), Ètimologičeskij slovar' slavjanskix jazykov: praslavjanskij leksičeskij fond, vols. 1–42, Moskva: Nauka
10. ^ Georgiev, Vladimir I. et al. (eds.) (1971–), Bălgarski etimologičen rečnik, Sofija: Izdatelstvo na Bălgarskata akademija na naukite
11. ^ Ciorănescu, Alexandru (1958–1966), Diccionario etimológico rumano, La Laguna: Universidad de La Laguna (Romanian ed.: Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române, București: Saeculum, 2001)
12. ^ Capidan, Theodor (1935), Meglenoromânii III: Dicționar meglenoromân, București: Academia Română, p. 159
13. ^ a b c d e Cunia, Tiberius (2008), Dictsiunar a limbãljei armãneascã, Editsii Timpurarã (after T. Papahagi, Ș. Mihăileanu and I. Dalametra; online at dixionline.net)