capitalj

Forms

capitalj n (plural capitalji or capitalje)^[1]

• Plural capitalji or capitalje;^[1][2] Wiktionary also gives capitaljiu, cãpitalj, cãpitaljiu, capital and capitalu.^[1][2]
• Other spellings: CAPITÁŁL, also CAPITÁĽ'ÍÚ, plural capitále, and CĂPITÁL'ÍŪ, plural căpitál'e, in Papahagi's dictionary;^[3][4] căpitálŭ in Mihăileanu's spelling, plural cäpitale as Pascu quotes it;^[5][6] cîpităliu in Dalametra;^[7] capitalu, plural capitaluri, with a rare capitaliu, in DIARO;^[8] κᾶπιτάλιου (kapitáliu), plural -τἄλ', in Nikolaidis's Greek script.^[9]

Etymology

It is borrowed from Modern Greek καπιτάλι (kapitáli, “capital”), which Papahagi derives in turn from Italian capitale.^[3] Pascu instead gives the Italian word and Venetian capital as the source, naming the Greek word only as a parallel.^[6] The Greek dictionary of Triantafyllidis confirms that the popular Greek word for money invested in a business comes from Italian.^[10] Nikolaidis traces the word straight back to Latin capitālis.^[9]

The Italian word, meaning the principal sum of money, continues capitālis (of the head; chief),^[11] formed from caput (“head”) and the suffix -ālis.^[12] De Vaan traces caput to Proto-Italic *kaput (“head”).^[13] The word is compared with Romanian capital.^[1]

Semantic evolution

All the dictionaries give only the commercial sense, the money a trader works with.^[3][5][7] Nikolaidis glosses it as the starting fund from which a merchant sets out in business.^[9] Cunia treats it under cap (head).^[2]

Timeline

• 1901 – căpitálŭ “capital” in Mihăileanu's dictionary.^[5]
• 1906 – cîpităliu in Dalametra's dictionary.^[7]
• 1909 – kapitáliu in Nikolaidis's dictionary.^[9]

Meanings

Noun

1. capital, the money a merchant works with.^[1][3][9]

References

1. ^ a b c d e Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c Cunia, Tiberius (2008), Dictsiunar a limbãljei armãneascã, Editsii Timpurarã (after T. Papahagi, Ș. Mihăileanu and I. Dalametra; online at dixionline.net), p. 234
3. ^ a b c d Papahagi, Tache (1974), Dicționarul dialectului aromân, general și etimologic, 2nd augmented ed., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România, p. 313
4. ^ Papahagi, Tache (1963), Dicționarul dialectului aromân, general și etimologic, București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. 269
5. ^ a b c Mihăileanu, Ștefan (1901), Dicționar macedo-român, București, p. 92
6. ^ a b Pascu, Giorge (1925), Dictionnaire étymologique macédoroumain, 2 vols. (I: Les éléments latins et romans; II: Les éléments grecs, turcs, slaves, albanais, germaniques, magyars, néologismes, créations immédiates, obscurs), Iași: Cultura Națională, p. 1, 204
7. ^ a b c Dalametra, I. (1906), Dicționar macedo-român, București: Academia Română, p. 59
8. ^ Caragiu Marioțeanu, Matilda et al. (1997), Dicționar aromân (macedo-vlah) DIARO, A–D, București, p. 176
9. ^ a b c d e Νικολαΐδης, Κωνσταντίνος (1909), Ετυμολογικόν λεξικόν της κουτσοβλαχικής γλώσσης, Αθήνα, p. 197
10. ^ Ινστιτούτο Νεοελληνικών Σπουδών (Ίδρυμα Μανόλη Τριανταφυλλίδη) (1998), Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής, Thessaloniki: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
11. ^ Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter
12. ^ Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
13. ^ de Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7, Leiden; Boston: Brill