cangi

Forms

cangi or cange f (plural cãngi).^[1]

• Other spellings: CÁNĞE, plural căngi, in Papahagi's dictionary;^[2] CANGE, plural cângi, in Pascu;^[3] cângiă in Dalametra's Romanian-based spelling;^[4] cangia (with the article) in Mihăileanu's;^[5] căngi in DIARO.^[6]
• Polenaković also gives a form with initial g-, GANǦE, from Pascu.^[7]

Etymology

It is borrowed from Turkish kanca (“hook”),^[2][3][7] which Pascu compares with Modern Greek γάντζος (gántzos) and Polenaković with Serbo-Croatian kandža and Bulgarian канджа (kandža).^[3][7] Eren takes the Turkish word from Venetian ganzo (“hook”), a word found in all the Mediterranean languages, and the Greek, Albanian, Serbian, Bulgarian and Romanian forms from Turkish;^[8] Nişanyan derives it from Italian gancio (“hook, bent tip”) and records it from 1560, for a hooked pole used on ships.^[9] Babiniotis also traces Greek γάντζος and Turkish kanca to Venetian ganzo, perhaps of Celtic origin, and sets aside the older derivation from Ancient Greek γαμψός (gampsós, “curved”).^[10]

Romanian cange and Megleno-Romanian candže are of the same Turkish origin;^[9][8] Ciorănescu cites Corominas, who thinks the word Spanish and brought into Turkish through Italian.^[11]

Semantic evolution

The Turkish word meant a hook, and Nişanyan's first record is the hooked pole of a ship.^[9][8] In Aromanian it is a long thin pole with an iron hook at one end, for catching things such as a boat from a distance and drawing them in or pushing them off, and also a pole ending in a small woven basket for picking fruit high on the tree without bruising it.^[12][5] Dalametra, Papahagi and Cunia also give figurative senses, anger and rage, and in Papahagi also misfortune.^[4][2][12]

Timeline

• 1901 – cangia “hooked pole; fruit-picking pole” in Mihăileanu's dictionary.^[5]
• 1906 – cângiă “hooked pole; anger” in Dalametra's dictionary.^[4]
• 1925 – Pascu derives it from Turkish.^[3]

Meanings

Noun

1. A hook, grappling iron; a long pole with an iron hook at one end, a boathook.^[12][2][5]
2. A long pole ending in a small basket, for picking fruit.^[12][5]
3. (figurative) anger, rage; misfortune.^[12][4][2]

Related words

• Romanian cange

References

1. ^ Cunia, Tiberius (2008), Dictsiunar a limbãljei armãneascã, Editsii Timpurarã (after T. Papahagi, Ș. Mihăileanu and I. Dalametra; online at dixionline.net), p. 231
2. ^ a b c d e Papahagi, Tache (1974), Dicționarul dialectului aromân, general și etimologic, 2nd augmented ed., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România, p. 311
3. ^ a b c d Pascu, Giorge (1925), Dictionnaire étymologique macédoroumain, 2 vols. (I: Les éléments latins et romans; II: Les éléments grecs, turcs, slaves, albanais, germaniques, magyars, néologismes, créations immédiates, obscurs), Iași: Cultura Națională, p. 2, 117
4. ^ a b c d Dalametra, I. (1906), Dicționar macedo-român, București: Academia Română, p. 47
5. ^ a b c d e Mihăileanu, Ștefan (1901), Dicționar macedo-român, București, p. 89
6. ^ Caragiu Marioțeanu, Matilda et al. (1997), Dicționar aromân (macedo-vlah) DIARO, A–D, București, p. 173
7. ^ a b c Поленаковиќ, Харалампие (2007), Турски елементи во ароманскиот јазик, Скопје
8. ^ a b c Eren, Hasan (1999), Türk Dilinin Etimolojik Sözlüğü, Ankara: Bizim Büro
9. ^ a b c Nişanyan, Sevan, Nişanyan Sözlük: Çağdaş Türkçenin Etimolojisi (online edition)
10. ^ Babiniotis, Georgios (2010), Ετυμολογικό λεξικό της νέας ελληνικής γλώσσας [Etymological Dictionary of Modern Greek], Athens: Κέντρο Λεξικολογίας
11. ^ Ciorănescu, Alexandru (1958–1966), Diccionario etimológico rumano, La Laguna: Universidad de La Laguna (Romanian ed.: Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române, București: Saeculum, 2001)
12. ^ a b c d e Cunia, Tiberius (2008), Dictsiunar a limbãljei armãneascã, Editsii Timpurarã (after T. Papahagi, Ș. Mihăileanu and I. Dalametra; online at dixionline.net)