Etymologically

Etymology and origin of the Romanian word vocală

Confidence
Established
Formation
Borrowing
First attested
1834 Petru Maior's Istoria pentru începutul românilor în Dachia, in the reprint printed at Buda More words from the 19th century
Borrowed from
Latin vocalis
Ultimate origin
Latin vōx
Etymology tree
inherited borrowed derived
Latin vōx
French voix
Italian voce
Romanian boace
Spanish voz
Romanian voce
Latin vōcālis
English vocal
Romanian vocală
From the same root
Latin vōciferor ← vōx
Romanian boci ← boace
English vocalist ← vōcālis

Pronunciation

Forms

vocală f (plural vocale)[1] Budai-Deleanu has the singular vocale: „Norodul s-au obicinuit a mânca vocalea cea de pe urmă” “the people got used to swallowing the last vowel”.[2][3] A neuter vocal occurs in a grammar by Vida: „De le urmează vocal sau „h” muet..., „l” totdeauna să aude” “if a vowel or a mute h follows, the l is always heard”.[2][3] Negulici's vocabulary of 1848 prints it vocalъ in the transitional alphabet.[4]

Etymology

It is borrowed from Latin vōcālis, with German Vokal as a second model.[5][2][3][6][1] DN names Italian vocale and Latin, and NODEX German, Italian and Latin.[7][8]

The Latin noun is the adjective “sounding, having a voice” used for the phrase “sounding letter”, a calque of Ancient Greek φωνῆεν (phōnêen).[1] The adjective is formed on vōx (“voice”).[9] German took the word from Latin in the 15th century.[10][11] The Latin word lives on in Old French voel, modern French voyelle, and Portuguese vogal.[12] Graur placed the word with voce, vocabular and avocat among the Romanian descendants of the Latin family of the word for voice.[13]

Earliest recorded meaning

MDA2 and the DLR quote first Petru Maior's history of the origins of the Romanians, which MDA2 cites in its 1834 Buda printing: „La latinii cei de demult... toate cuvintele ieșea în vocală” “among the Latins of old... all words ended in a vowel”.[3][2] Negulici in 1848 defined it as a letter that can be pronounced without the help of another.[4]

Semantic evolution

The first grammarians often glossed the new word with Romanian coinages: one wrote vocalele (sunătoarele), and a French grammar explained voyelles as vocale sau glăsuitoare.[2] In the 19th century and still in Șăineanu's dictionary of 1929, a vowel was above all a letter with a sound of its own.[4][14] Modern dictionaries put the sound first, defined by the free passage of air through the vocal tract, and the letter second.[5][3] Phonetics added the set terms vocală anterioară, medială, posterioară and vocală neutră.[3][5]

Timeline

  • 1834 – vocală in Petru Maior's history, in its Buda printing.[3]
  • 1848 – vocalъ in Negulici's vocabulary of neologisms.[4]
  • 1929 – Șăineanu: a letter with a sound of its own.[14]
  • 1980 – Graur places it in the Latin family of vōx.[13]

Meanings

Noun

  1. (phonetics) A vowel: a speech sound made with the air passing freely through the vocal tract, without any obstacle.[5][3][1]
  2. A letter that stands for such a sound: Cuvântul începe cu o vocală.[5][8]
  • vocal
  • voce
  • vocalic
  • consoană

Usage notes

Vocală is also the feminine of the adjective vocal “of the voice; sung”, as in muzică vocală, a separate borrowing from French vocal and Latin.[5][3] Set phrases include vocală anterioară (or palatală) “front vowel”, vocală posterioară (or velară) “back vowel” and vocală neutră.[3][5]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c d e Academia Română (1965–2010), Dicționarul limbii române (DLR), serie nouă, tom I–XIX, București: Editura Academiei Române, p. s.v. vocală
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 2, 1503
  4. ^ a b c d Negulici, I. D. (1848), Vocabular romînesc de toate vorbele streine întroduse pînă acum în limba romînească și de toate cuvintele ce s-ar mai putea introduce încă, București
  5. ^ a b c d e f g DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 1204
  6. ^ Marcu, Florin (2000), Marele dicționar de neologisme, București: Saeculum Vizual, p. s.v. vocală
  7. ^ Marcu, Florin; Maneca, Constant (1986), Dicționar de neologisme, 3rd ed., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România
  8. ^ a b Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2002), Noul dicționar explicativ al limbii române, București: Litera Internațional, p. s.v. vocală
  9. ^ Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
  10. ^ Kluge, Friedrich; Seebold, Elmar (2011), Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache, 25th ed., Berlin / Boston: De Gruyter
  11. ^ Pfeifer, Wolfgang, et al. (1993), Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Deutschen, 2nd ed., Berlin: Akademie-Verlag; digital revised version in the DWDS, dwds.de
  12. ^ Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter
  13. ^ a b Graur, Alexandru (1980), Cuvinte înrudite, București: Editura Științifică și Enciclopedică
  14. ^ a b Șăineanu, Lazăr (1929), Dicționar universal al limbei române, 6th ed., Craiova: Scrisul Românesc, p. 700

Related etymologies

  • bun · also from Latin
  • unde · also from Latin
  • veni · also from Latin
  • noi · also from Latin
  • bine · also from Latin
  • un · also from Latin
  • și · also from Latin
  • sta · also from Latin
Cite this entry

“Vocală.” Etymologically, 12 Nov. 2026, etymologically.com/ro/vocal%C4%83. Accessed 12 Nov. 2026.

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