Etymologically

Etymology and origin of the Romanian word voi

Confidence
Established
Formation
Inherited
First attested
1550 before 1550, Cuvente den bătrâni More words from the 16th century
Inherited from
Latin vos
Ultimate origin
Proto-Italic *wōs
Etymology tree
inherited borrowed derived
Latin vōs
Aromanian voi
French vous
Italian voi
Romanian voi
Spanish vos
From the same root
French rendez-vous ← vous

Pronunciation

Forms

voi[1] The dative is vouă, unstressed vă, v-, vi; the accusative (pe) voi, unstressed vă.[2] Old texts have many forms of the dative: voao, voo, voă, voî and voah.[3][4] In the Moldovan Cyrillic alphabet the word was written вои.[1]

Etymology

It is inherited from Latin vōs (“you (plural)”), and the dative vouă continues vōbīs.[5][2][4][1] The Latin pronoun comes from Proto-Italic *wōs, an old accusative form.[1][6][7]

The word survives in all four branches: Aromanian voi, Megleno-Romanian voi and Istro-Romanian voi.[8][9][10][11][12] Its Romance cognates include Dalmatian voi, Italian voi, Occitan vos, Catalan vos, Spanish vos, Portuguese vos and French vous.[5][13]

Earliest recorded meaning

MDA2's first record is a text of before 1550 printed in the Cuvente den bătrâni.[4] The Slavonic–Romanian lexicon of Mardarie (1649) glosses the Slavonic pronoun for “you” with voi.[14]

Semantic evolution

The pronoun addresses several people; its unstressed dative forms also mark possession (Luați-vă hainele) and the ethical dative.[2][4] It is also used to address one person politely, a use that Moldovan and other regional speech extends to the full pronoun in place of dumneavoastră.[2][15] In poetry it addresses personified beings and things.[4]

Timeline

  • before 1550 – the first record, in a text printed in the Cuvente den bătrâni.[4]
  • 1649 – voi glosses the Slavonic word for “you” in Mardarie's lexicon.[14]
  • 1688 – the possessive vostru and its forms are frequent in the Bucharest Bible.[16]
  • 1825 – the Lexicon of Buda gives voi as the plural of tu, Latin vos.[17]

Meanings

Pronoun

  1. you (plural): the people being addressed; as a subject it often stresses them: Voi plecați primii, nu noi.[2][4][1]
  2. In the dative (vouă, vă, v-, vi): to you; also with a possessive sense: Vă așteaptă casa.[2]
  3. In the accusative (pe voi, vă): you: Unde v-am văzut?[2]
  4. (polite) Used for one person, in place of the singular: Domnule, vă mulțumesc.[2][18]
  5. (regional) The polite pronoun in its full form, dumneavoastră.[15]
  6. In the vocative, with a noun: Voi, prieteni, ascultați![2]

Usage notes

A separate verb voi (voiesc) “to want, to intend” is first recorded in the Codicele Voronețean;[2][4][1] DEX and MDA2 take it from voie “will”, compare Slavonic voliti, and Wiktionary calls it of unknown origin.[2][4][1] Voi is also the first person of the future auxiliary (voi merge “I will go”), a form of vrea.[19][20] A regional noun voi (plural voiuri), a row of wickerwork in a fish fence or a strip of arable land, is a loan from Serbian and Bulgarian.[21][4]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 1204
  3. ^ Gaster, M. (1891), Chrestomatie română: texte tipărite și manuscrise (sec. XVI–XIX), dialectale și populare, cu o introducere, gramatică și un glosar româno-francez, vol. II, Leipzig: Brockhaus / București: Socec
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 2, 1504
  5. ^ a b Ciorănescu, Alexandru (1958–1966), Diccionario etimológico rumano, La Laguna: Universidad de La Laguna (Romanian ed.: Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române, București: Saeculum, 2001), p. s.v. voi
  6. ^ de Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7, Leiden; Boston: Brill
  7. ^ Nocentini, Alberto; Parenti, Alessandro (2010), l'Etimologico: vocabolario della lingua italiana, Firenze: Le Monnier
  8. ^ Pascu, Giorge (1925), Dictionnaire étymologique macédoroumain, 2 vols. (I: Les éléments latins et romans; II: Les éléments grecs, turcs, slaves, albanais, germaniques, magyars, néologismes, créations immédiates, obscurs), Iași: Cultura Națională, p. 1, 187
  9. ^ Cunia, Tiberius (2008), Dictsiunar a limbãljei armãneascã, Editsii Timpurarã (after T. Papahagi, Ș. Mihăileanu and I. Dalametra; online at dixionline.net), p. 1095
  10. ^ Byhan, Arthur (1899), Istrorumänisches Glossar, Sechster Jahresbericht des Instituts für rumänische Sprache zu Leipzig: 174–366, p. 383
  11. ^ Popovici, Iosif (1909), Dialectele romîne din Istria II: texte și glosar, Halle a. S., p. 165
  12. ^ Kovačec, August (1998), Istrorumunjsko-hrvatski rječnik (s gramatikom i tekstovima), Pula
  13. ^ Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter, p. 9455
  14. ^ a b Ungureanu, Mădălina; Gînsac, Ana-Maria; Moruz, Alexandru (eds.), eRomLex: The First Romanian Bilingual Dictionaries (17th century), Iași: Universitatea „Alexandru Ioan Cuza”, https://scriptadacoromanica.ro, p. s.v. voi
  15. ^ a b Stati, Vasile (2003), Dicționar moldovenesc-românesc, Chișinău
  16. ^ Biblia, adecă Dumnezeiasca Scriptură a ceii vechi și a ceii noao leage, București, 1688 (ed. 1988, tricentennial edition), p. Gen 9:5
  17. ^ Lesicon românescu-latinescu-ungurescu-nemțescu quare de mai mulți autori, în cursul a trideci și mai multor ani s-au lucrat (1825), Buda: Typographia Universității (the Lexicon of Buda, ed. Petru Maior et al.), p. 760
  18. ^ Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2002), Noul dicționar explicativ al limbii române, București: Litera Internațional
  19. ^ Scriban, August (1939), Dicționaru limbii românești (etimologii, înțelesuri, exemple, citațiuni, arhaizme, neologizme, provincializme), Iași: Presa Bună, p. 1417
  20. ^ Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. vreá
  21. ^ Academia Română (1965–2010), Dicționarul limbii române (DLR), serie nouă, tom I–XIX, București: Editura Academiei Române, p. s.v. voi

Related etymologies

  • apă · also from Latin
  • bun · also from Latin
  • unde · also from Latin
  • veni · also from Latin
  • noi · also from Latin
  • bine · also from Latin
  • un · also from Latin
  • și · also from Latin
Cite this entry

“Voi.” Etymologically, 11 Nov. 2026, etymologically.com/ro/voi. Accessed 12 Nov. 2026.

Last edited on . ·