Etymologically

Etymology and origin of the Romanian word sânt

Confidence
Established
Formation
Inherited
First attested
1352 a document cited by Tiktin More words from the 14th century
Inherited from
Latin sanctus
Ultimate origin
Latin sanciō
Etymology tree
inherited borrowed derived
Latin sanciō
Latin sānctus
Aromanian sãmtu
French saint
Italian santo
Romanian sânt
Spanish santo
From the same root
Latin sānctiō ← sanciō
Italian si ← sānctus
Latin sacrōsānctus ← sānctus
Latin sancte ← sānctus
Latin sānctificō ← sānctus
Latin sānctimōnia ← sānctus
Latin sānctitās ← sānctus
Latin sānctuārium ← sānctus

Pronunciation

Forms

sânt m or n (feminine singular sântă, masculine plural sânți, feminine/neuter plural sânte)[1]

Etymology

It is inherited from Latin sānctus (“holy”),[2][3][4][5][6][7] the perfect passive participle of sanciō (“to consecrate”).[1][8] It survives in Aromanian as sãmtu.[5][9][1] The Romance cognates include Italian santo, French saint, Catalan sant, Spanish santo and Portuguese são.[5]

In the general sense “holy” it was replaced by sfânt, of Slavonic origin, and survives almost only in the names of saints' days, where Latin phrases lie behind compounds: Sâmedru from Latin Sanctus Demetrius, Sântilie from Sanctus Helias, Sângiorz from Sanctus Georgius, Sâmpietru from Sanctus Petrus, Sânvăsii from Sanctus Basilius, Sânicoară from Sanctus Nicolaus and Sântămăria from Sancta Maria.[5][4] Before the next name the final ⟨t⟩ is often lost or assimilated, giving ⟨sân-⟩, ⟨sâm-⟩ and ⟨sâ-⟩.[4]

Earliest recorded meaning

Tiktin dates the first record to a document of 1352.[4] Ciorănescu dates the derivative sântămărinesc, a variety of apple named after Saint Mary's day, to the 17th century.[5] MDA2 cites it only from the Academy's dictionary of 1955.[3]

Semantic evolution

The word lived on in the calendar of folk festivals: la sân Petru “at Saint Peter's day”, Sânta Măria mare “the Assumption”, Sânta Măria mică “the Nativity of the Virgin”.[7][10][4] Nicolae Costin's chronicle dates an event to „lăsatul săcului de postul sân Pietrului” “the beginning of Saint Peter's fast”.[7] As a free adjective and noun it survives in folk speech and poetry: Budai-Deleanu's and Eminescu's sânt “saint”, and in the articled form Sântul “God”.[7][3] In the plural, sâmți was a regional name for the martyrs.[3]

Timeline

  • 1352 – the first record, in a document.[4]
  • 17th century – sântămărinesc, a variety of apple.[5]
  • 1825 – Sântu “sanctus” in the Lexicon de la Buda.[11]
  • 1955 – the Academy's dictionary of the literary language, MDA2's first record.[3]

Meanings

Adjective

  1. (popular, dated) holy, sacred.[2][3][7]
  2. (dated) Pure, innocent.[3][12]

Noun

  1. (popular) A saint; usually before a saint's name, in the names of feast days.[2][7]
  2. (popular, with the article) Sântul, God.[3][7]

Usage notes

Sânt (in the 1953–1993 spelling sînt) was also the spelling of the verb form now written sunt “I am, they are”;[1] Wiktionary lists that spelling as obsolete in Romania and as an alternative form in Moldova.[1] The 1688 Bible and the 16th-century psalters use it very often.[13][14]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 983
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 2, 784
  4. ^ a b c d e f Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. sânt
  5. ^ a b c d e f Ciorănescu, Alexandru (1958–1966), Diccionario etimológico rumano, La Laguna: Universidad de La Laguna (Romanian ed.: Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române, București: Saeculum, 2001), p. s.v. sânt
  6. ^ Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter, p. 7569
  7. ^ a b c d e f g Academia Română (1965–2010), Dicționarul limbii române (DLR), serie nouă, tom I–XIX, București: Editura Academiei Române, p. s.v. sânt
  8. ^ Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
  9. ^ Papahagi, Tache (1963), Dicționarul dialectului aromân, general și etimologic, București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. 955
  10. ^ Barcianu, Sava Popovici (1886), Dicționar român-germân și germân-român, revised by D. P. Barcianu, part I: român-germân, Sibiu: Institut tipografic, p. 561
  11. ^ Lesicon românescu-latinescu-ungurescu-nemțescu quare de mai mulți autori, în cursul a trideci și mai multor ani s-au lucrat (1825), Buda: Typographia Universității (the Lexicon of Buda, ed. Petru Maior et al.), p. 608
  12. ^ Bulgăr, Gheorghe; Constantinescu-Dobridor, Gheorghe (2002), Dicționar de arhaisme și regionalisme, 2 vols., București: Saeculum Vizual, p. s.v. sânt
  13. ^ Biblia, adecă Dumnezeiasca Scriptură a ceii vechi și a ceii noao leage, București, 1688 (ed. 1988, tricentennial edition), p. Genesis 1:21
  14. ^ Gînsac, Ana-Maria; Ungureanu, Mădălina; Moruz, Alexandru et al., roPsalt: Re-evaluating the Sixteenth Century Romanian Psalters (aligned corpus), Iași: Universitatea „Alexandru Ioan Cuza”, https://scriptadacoromanica.ro, p. Ps 9:21

Related etymologies

  • bun · also from Latin
  • unde · also from Latin
  • veni · also from Latin
  • noi · also from Latin
  • bine · also from Latin
  • un · also from Latin
  • și · also from Latin
  • sta · also from Latin
Cite this entry

“Sânt.” Etymologically, 11 Nov. 2026, etymologically.com/ro/s%C3%A2nt. Accessed 12 Nov. 2026.

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