Etymology and origin of the Romanian word sânt
- Confidence
- Established
- Formation
- Inherited
- First attested
- 1352 a document cited by Tiktin More words from the 14th century
- Inherited from
- Latin sanctus
- Ultimate origin
- Latin sanciō
Etymology tree
From the same root
Pronunciation
- /sɨnt/[1]
Forms
sânt m or n (feminine singular sântă, masculine plural sânți, feminine/neuter plural sânte)[1]
Etymology
It is inherited from Latin sānctus (“holy”),[2][3][4][5][6][7] the perfect passive participle of sanciō (“to consecrate”).[1][8] It survives in Aromanian as sãmtu.[5][9][1] The Romance cognates include Italian santo, French saint, Catalan sant, Spanish santo and Portuguese são.[5]
In the general sense “holy” it was replaced by sfânt, of Slavonic origin, and survives almost only in the names of saints' days, where Latin phrases lie behind compounds: Sâmedru from Latin Sanctus Demetrius, Sântilie from Sanctus Helias, Sângiorz from Sanctus Georgius, Sâmpietru from Sanctus Petrus, Sânvăsii from Sanctus Basilius, Sânicoară from Sanctus Nicolaus and Sântămăria from Sancta Maria.[5][4] Before the next name the final ⟨t⟩ is often lost or assimilated, giving ⟨sân-⟩, ⟨sâm-⟩ and ⟨sâ-⟩.[4]
Earliest recorded meaning
Tiktin dates the first record to a document of 1352.[4] Ciorănescu dates the derivative sântămărinesc, a variety of apple named after Saint Mary's day, to the 17th century.[5] MDA2 cites it only from the Academy's dictionary of 1955.[3]
Semantic evolution
The word lived on in the calendar of folk festivals: la sân Petru “at Saint Peter's day”, Sânta Măria mare “the Assumption”, Sânta Măria mică “the Nativity of the Virgin”.[7][10][4] Nicolae Costin's chronicle dates an event to „lăsatul săcului de postul sân Pietrului” “the beginning of Saint Peter's fast”.[7] As a free adjective and noun it survives in folk speech and poetry: Budai-Deleanu's and Eminescu's sânt “saint”, and in the articled form Sântul “God”.[7][3] In the plural, sâmți was a regional name for the martyrs.[3]
Timeline
- 1352 – the first record, in a document.[4]
- 17th century – sântămărinesc, a variety of apple.[5]
- 1825 – Sântu “sanctus” in the Lexicon de la Buda.[11]
- 1955 – the Academy's dictionary of the literary language, MDA2's first record.[3]
Meanings
Adjective
Noun
- (popular) A saint; usually before a saint's name, in the names of feast days.[2][7]
- (popular, with the article) Sântul, God.[3][7]
Related words
Usage notes
Sânt (in the 1953–1993 spelling sînt) was also the spelling of the verb form now written sunt “I am, they are”;[1] Wiktionary lists that spelling as obsolete in Romania and as an alternative form in Moldova.[1] The 1688 Bible and the 16th-century psalters use it very often.[13][14]
References
- ^ a b c d e f Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
- ^ a b c DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 983
- ^ a b c d e f g h Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 2, 784
- ^ a b c d e f Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. sânt
- ^ a b c d e f Ciorănescu, Alexandru (1958–1966), Diccionario etimológico rumano, La Laguna: Universidad de La Laguna (Romanian ed.: Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române, București: Saeculum, 2001), p. s.v. sânt
- ^ Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter, p. 7569
- ^ a b c d e f g Academia Română (1965–2010), Dicționarul limbii române (DLR), serie nouă, tom I–XIX, București: Editura Academiei Române, p. s.v. sânt
- ^ Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
- ^ Papahagi, Tache (1963), Dicționarul dialectului aromân, general și etimologic, București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. 955
- ^ Barcianu, Sava Popovici (1886), Dicționar român-germân și germân-român, revised by D. P. Barcianu, part I: român-germân, Sibiu: Institut tipografic, p. 561
- ^ Lesicon românescu-latinescu-ungurescu-nemțescu quare de mai mulți autori, în cursul a trideci și mai multor ani s-au lucrat (1825), Buda: Typographia Universității (the Lexicon of Buda, ed. Petru Maior et al.), p. 608
- ^ Bulgăr, Gheorghe; Constantinescu-Dobridor, Gheorghe (2002), Dicționar de arhaisme și regionalisme, 2 vols., București: Saeculum Vizual, p. s.v. sânt
- ^ Biblia, adecă Dumnezeiasca Scriptură a ceii vechi și a ceii noao leage, București, 1688 (ed. 1988, tricentennial edition), p. Genesis 1:21
- ^ Gînsac, Ana-Maria; Ungureanu, Mădălina; Moruz, Alexandru et al., roPsalt: Re-evaluating the Sixteenth Century Romanian Psalters (aligned corpus), Iași: Universitatea „Alexandru Ioan Cuza”, https://scriptadacoromanica.ro, p. Ps 9:21
Related etymologies
Cite this entry
“Sânt.” Etymologically, 11 Nov. 2026, etymologically.com/ro/s%C3%A2nt. Accessed 12 Nov. 2026.
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