sângeros

Forms

sângeros m or n (feminine singular sângeroasă, masculine plural sângeroși, feminine/neuter plural sângeroase)^[1]

Etymology

It is inherited from Late Latin sanguinōsus (“bloody”), formed on sanguis (“blood”).^{[2][3][4][5][6]} Ciorănescu lists it instead among the Romanian derivatives of sânge, and Wiktionary gives both explanations: from Romanian sânge + -os or the Latin word.^[7][1] Aromanian has sãndzinos, which Papahagi and Pascu derive from the Latin word.^[8][9] The REW lists the Romance forms Italian sanguinoso, French saigneux and Occitan sancnos.^[6]

Earliest recorded meaning

The first record is the plural sîngeroși in the Psaltirea Voronețeană (c. 1551–1558), Psalm 138, of “bloody men”;^[10][5][2] Coresi's psalter of 1570 and the Psaltirea Scheiană have it too.^[10][5][2]

Semantic evolution

The psalter sense is “bloodthirsty, cruel”, and it has stayed the main one, extended to deeds and events marked by slaughter: lupte sângeroase “bloody battles”.^[4][5] The physical senses, “full of blood, full-blooded” and of eyes “bloodshot”, are now rare, and figuratively the word means “blood-red”.^[3][5] As a noun, sângeroasă names the orange hawkweed.^[5] Moldavian speech has the variant sângios.^[7]

Timeline

• c. 1551-1558 – sîngeroși “bloodthirsty men” in the Psaltirea Voronețeană.^[10]
• 1570 – the same verse in Coresi's psalter.^[10]
• c. 1573-1578 – in the Psaltirea Scheiană, MDA2's first record.^[2]

Meanings

Adjective

1. Ready to shed blood; cruel, bloodthirsty; of events, accompanied by slaughter: un război sângeros.^[3][2]
2. (rare) Having much blood; of a sanguine temperament.^[3]
3. (rare) Bleeding, covered in blood; of eyes, bloodshot.^[3]
4. (figurative) Blood-red.^[3][1]

Related words

• sânge
• sângera
• sângeriu
• Aromanian sãndzinos
• Latin sanguis

References

1. ^ a b c d Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 2, 784
3. ^ a b c d e f DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 983
4. ^ a b Academia Română (1965–2010), Dicționarul limbii române (DLR), serie nouă, tom I–XIX, București: Editura Academiei Române, p. s.v. sângeros
5. ^ a b c d e f Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. sângerós
6. ^ a b Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter, p. 7573
7. ^ a b Ciorănescu, Alexandru (1958–1966), Diccionario etimológico rumano, La Laguna: Universidad de La Laguna (Romanian ed.: Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române, București: Saeculum, 2001), p. s.v. sânge
8. ^ Papahagi, Tache (1963), Dicționarul dialectului aromân, general și etimologic, București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. 956
9. ^ Pascu, Giorge (1925), Dictionnaire étymologique macédoroumain, 2 vols. (I: Les éléments latins et romans; II: Les éléments grecs, turcs, slaves, albanais, germaniques, magyars, néologismes, créations immédiates, obscurs), Iași: Cultura Națională, p. 1, 157
10. ^ a b c d Gînsac, Ana-Maria; Ungureanu, Mădălina; Moruz, Alexandru et al., roPsalt: Re-evaluating the Sixteenth Century Romanian Psalters (aligned corpus), Iași: Universitatea „Alexandru Ioan Cuza”, https://scriptadacoromanica.ro, p. Ps 138:18