sângerare

Forms

sângerare f (plural sângerări)^[1]

Etymology

It is the long infinitive of sângera (“to bleed”), formed from Romanian sângera + -re.^[2][1][3] The verb itself is inherited from Latin sanguinō (“to bleed”).^[2]

Earliest recorded meaning

Tiktin's first record is from Dimitrie Cantemir's Istoria ieroglifică of 1705, and he glosses the word with German “bleeding” and “bloodshed”.^[3] MDA2 dates it by a quotation from Costache Conachi's poems, where the word means the shedding of blood in sacrifice.^[2][4]

Semantic evolution

The old sense was the shedding of blood, and by extension a fight or a war.^[2][4] In modern use it is mainly the loss of blood from a wound, a haemorrhage, and in medicine the drawing of blood for treatment or for tests; the phrase timp de sângerare “bleeding time” names a laboratory test of how fast the blood clots.^[4][2] Figuratively it can describe a red colouring of the sky.^[4] Technical senses followed: the bleeding of animals in a slaughterhouse, the boring of a wooden anchor so that the water drains out, and in tanning the spread of a dye from the hide into the bath.^[5][2] Regionally it can mean simply “blood” or “trouble, sorrow”.^[2][4]

Timeline

• 1705 – first record, in Cantemir's Istoria ieroglifică.^[3]
• 1886 – “shedding of blood” in the edition of Costache Conachi's poems that MDA2 cites.^[2]
• 1886 – Barcianu's dictionary gives it with German das Bluten.^[6]

Meanings

Noun

1. bleeding: the act of bleeding, a flow or loss of blood; also the shedding of blood.^[5][2][1]
2. The collection of the blood of animals killed in a slaughterhouse, so that it can be used.^[5]
3. (medicine) The taking of blood for treatment or for analysis;^[2][4] timp de sângerare is the bleeding time, a test of coagulation.^[2][4]
4. (technology) The boring of a wooden anchor so that the water inside can drain away.^[5]

Related words

• sângera
• sânge
• însângerare
• hemoragie

References

1. ^ a b c Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 2, 783
3. ^ a b c Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. sângeráre
4. ^ a b c d e f g Academia Română (1965–2010), Dicționarul limbii române (DLR), serie nouă, tom I–XIX, București: Editura Academiei Române, p. s.v. sângerare
5. ^ a b c d DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 983
6. ^ Barcianu, Sava Popovici (1886), Dicționar român-germân și germân-român, revised by D. P. Barcianu, part I: român-germân, Sibiu: Institut tipografic, p. 560