Etymology and origin of the Romanian word jugar
- Confidence
- Probable
- Formation
- Derivation
- First attested
- 1703 a text cited by Tiktin More words from the 18th century
- Ultimate origin
- Latin iugum
From the same root
Pronunciation
- /ʒuˈɡar/[1]
Forms
jugar m or n (feminine singular jugară, masculine plural jugari, feminine/neuter plural jugare)[1]
Etymology
It is formed from Romanian jug + -ar, “of the yoke”.[2][3][4][1] Pușcariu, REW and Candrea–Densusianu took it instead directly from Latin iugārius (“bearing the yoke”), and Cihac and Șăineanu gave the same etymon.[2][5][6][7][1] Candrea and Densusianu compare Spanish yuguero and Portuguese jugueiro.[5] The noun is from Latin iugum (“yoke”).[2]
Earliest recorded meaning
Tiktin's first record is of 1703.[4] MDA2 dates it from Ion Ionescu de la Brad's Vitele albe din Englitera (1842).[3] Ionescu's farming calendar has the Moldavian form: „boii giugari și argații să fie gata a se apuca de muncă” “the draught oxen and the farmhands should be ready to set to work”.[4][8]
Semantic evolution
It is chiefly used in bou jugar “draught ox” and, in Tiktin, cal jugar “draught horse”.[4][9] Used on its own as a noun it means a yoked ox in regional speech.[10][1] The Moldavian form is giugar.[4][3]
Timeline
- 1703 – the first record.[4]
- 1842 – in Ion Ionescu de la Brad, MDA2's first record.[3]
- 1886 – bou jugar “draught ox” in Barcianu's dictionary.[9]
Meanings
Adjective
Noun
Related words
References
- ^ a b c d e f g Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
- ^ a b c Ciorănescu, Alexandru (1958–1966), Diccionario etimológico rumano, La Laguna: Universidad de La Laguna (Romanian ed.: Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române, București: Saeculum, 2001), p. s.v. jug
- ^ a b c d e Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 1, 1291
- ^ a b c d e f Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. jugar
- ^ a b Candrea, I.-A.; Densusianu, Ov. (1907–1914), Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române: elementele latine (A–Putea), București, p. s.v. jugar
- ^ Cihac, A. de (1870), Dictionnaire d'étymologie daco-romane I: Éléments latins comparés avec les autres langues romanes, Frankfurt am Main, p. 135
- ^ Șăineanu, Lazăr (1929), Dicționar universal al limbei române, 6th ed., Craiova: Scrisul Românesc, p. 351
- ^ Candrea, I.-A.; Adamescu, Gh. (1926–1931), Dicționarul enciclopedic ilustrat „Cartea Românească”, București: Cartea Românească, p. s.v. jugar
- ^ a b Barcianu, Sava Popovici (1886), Dicționar român-germân și germân-român, revised by D. P. Barcianu, part I: român-germân, Sibiu: Institut tipografic, p. 335
- ^ a b Bulgăr, Gheorghe; Constantinescu-Dobridor, Gheorghe (2002), Dicționar de arhaisme și regionalisme, 2 vols., București: Saeculum Vizual, p. s.v. jugar
Related etymologies
Cite this entry
“Jugar.” Etymologically, 12 Nov. 2026, etymologically.com/ro/jugar. Accessed 12 Nov. 2026.
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