fractură

Forms

fractură f (plural fracturi)^[1]

Etymology

It is borrowed from French fracture and at the same time borrowed from Latin fractūra (“a breaking; a fracture”), the two sources DEX, MDA2 and the DILF give.^[2][3][4] Tiktin and Scriban name only Latin, while the DLRM and the neologism dictionaries put French first.^[5][6][7][8] The French word is a learned loan of the 13th century from the same Latin noun.^[9]

The Latin noun is formed from frangō (“to break”) with the suffix -ūra, and already meant the fracture of a bone.^[10] It is a doublet of frântură, which the REW gives as the inherited outcome of the Latin word.^[11][1]

Earliest recorded meaning

Tiktin's first record is of 1852.^[5] MDA2's first quotation is from Grigoriu-Rigo's study of folk medicine of 1907, in the medical sense of a broken bone.^[3]

Semantic evolution

The medical sense, the breaking of a bone or cartilage, was the first and remains the main one; Șăineanu illustrates it with fractura brațului “the fracture of the arm”.^[2][12] By extension it can mean the injury of a whole limb.^[2][3] Barcianu's dictionary glossed it with German “breaking open”.^[13] Technical language later used it for the rough surface left where an object breaks, and geology for a fault in the rock.^[2][3] MDN adds a figurative sense, a rupture or split between people.^[14]

Timeline

• 1852 – the first record.^[5]
• 1886 – in Barcianu's Romanian–German dictionary.^[13]
• 1907 – a broken bone in Grigoriu-Rigo's study of folk medicine.^[3]

Meanings

Noun

1. (medicine) A fracture: the breaking of a bone or cartilage; by extension the breaking of a limb: A suferit o fractură de gleznă la schi.^[2][3]
2. (technology) The uneven surface left where an object has broken or shattered.^[2][3]
3. (geology) A fault in the rock.^[2][3]
4. (figurative) A rupture or split.^[14]

Word family

• fractura

Related words

• fracție
• frântură
• frânge

References

1. ^ a b Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f g DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 411
3. ^ a b c d e f g h Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 1, 936
4. ^ Costăchescu, Adriana; Dincă, Daniela; Dragoste, Ramona; Popescu, Mihaela; Scurtu, Gabriela (2009–2010), Dicționar de împrumuturi lexicale din limba franceză (DILF), 2 vols., Craiova: Universitaria, p. s.v. fractură
5. ^ a b c Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. fractură
6. ^ Scriban, August (1939), Dicționaru limbii românești (etimologii, înțelesuri, exemple, citațiuni, arhaizme, neologizme, provincializme), Iași: Presa Bună, p. 524
7. ^ Academia Republicii Populare Romîne (1958), Dicționarul limbii romîne moderne, București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. s.v. fractură
8. ^ Marcu, Florin; Maneca, Constant (1986), Dicționar de neologisme, 3rd ed., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România, p. s.v. fractură
9. ^ Rey, Alain, ed. (1992), Dictionnaire historique de la langue française, Paris: Le Robert
10. ^ Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
11. ^ Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter, p. 3468a
12. ^ Șăineanu, Lazăr (1929), Dicționar universal al limbei române, 6th ed., Craiova: Scrisul Românesc, p. 258
13. ^ a b Barcianu, Sava Popovici (1886), Dicționar român-germân și germân-român, revised by D. P. Barcianu, part I: român-germân, Sibiu: Institut tipografic, p. 236
14. ^ a b Marcu, Florin (2000), Marele dicționar de neologisme, București: Saeculum Vizual, p. s.v. fractură