fotbal

Forms

fotbal n (uncountable)^[1]

Etymology

It is borrowed from English football and French football, the French word itself being English.^{[2][3][4][5][6]} Wiktionary takes it straight from English.^[1] The English word is a compound of foot and ball.^[7] French borrowed it in 1888; the English word, then spelled foot-ball, had meant first the ball kicked with the foot, then the game, and in French the word covered rugby as well until about 1900.^[8]

Earliest recorded meaning

MDA2 gives as its first record the manuscript of the Academy's dictionary, without a date, and records the old spelling foot-ball and the pronunciation fut-bol.^[5] The neologism dictionaries list the variant futbol.^[7]

Semantic evolution

The word has kept one sense, the game played with a ball by two teams of eleven, who try to put the ball into the opposing goal with any part of the body except the hands.^[2][5] The 1958 DLRM still gave the French word as its source and English only as the French word's origin; the later dictionaries name English and French together.^[6][2] Wiktionary records the popular form folbal.^[1]

Meanings

Noun

1. football, soccer: a ball game between two teams of eleven players, a goalkeeper and ten outfield players, who score by getting the ball into the other team's goal without using their hands.^[2][5][1]

Word family

• fotbalist

References

1. ^ a b c d e Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 408
3. ^ Marcu, Florin (2000), Marele dicționar de neologisme, București: Saeculum Vizual, p. s.v. fotbal
4. ^ Costăchescu, Adriana; Dincă, Daniela; Dragoste, Ramona; Popescu, Mihaela; Scurtu, Gabriela (2009–2010), Dicționar de împrumuturi lexicale din limba franceză (DILF), 2 vols., Craiova: Universitaria, p. s.v. fotbal
5. ^ a b c d Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 1, 933
6. ^ a b Academia Republicii Populare Romîne (1958), Dicționarul limbii romîne moderne, București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. s.v. fotbal
7. ^ a b Marcu, Florin; Maneca, Constant (1986), Dicționar de neologisme, 3rd ed., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România, p. s.v. fotbal
8. ^ Rey, Alain, ed. (1992), Dictionnaire historique de la langue française, Paris: Le Robert, p. s.v. football