Etymology and origin of the Romanian word fragment
- Confidence
- Established
- Formation
- Borrowing
- First attested
- 1800 More words from the 18th century
- Borrowed from
- French fragment
- Ultimate origin
- Latin frangō
Etymology tree
From the same root
Pronunciation
- /fraɡˈment/[1]
Forms
fragment n (plural fragmente)[1]
Etymology
It is borrowed from French fragment, also borrowed from Latin fragmentum (“a piece broken off”): the DEX, the MDA2 and the MDN name both, the DN and the DLRM the French word with the Latin beside it.[2][3][4][5][6][1] Tiktin and Scriban give the Latin word alone, and Negulici (1848) glosses it with the Latin noun.[7][8][9]
The Latin noun is formed on frangō (“to break”) with the suffix -mentum.[1][10] The French noun is a learned remaking, about 1500, of the older Old French frament.[11] Graur lists the Romanian word in the family of the Latin verb, beside frânge, fractură, fragil and fracție.[12]
Earliest recorded meaning
Tiktin dates the first record to 1800.[7] Negulici (1848) explains it as “a small part of a whole; a piece, a broken bit”.[9] The DA's and the MDA2's first quotation is from Maiorescu's Critice: man is „condamnat la fragment” “condemned to the fragment”.[13][3]
Semantic evolution
From the first the word had two uses: a piece of something broken, and a part of a whole.[9][14] Costinescu (1870) adds a passage taken from a book or other work, which became the most frequent use: an isolated part of a writing, or what is left of a lost or unfinished work.[14][13][2] The CADE (1931) lists the senses “potsherd, broken piece”, “what survives of a lost book” and “a short part of a text or speech”.[15] The MDN extends it to a passage of a piece of music.[4]
Timeline
- 1800 – first record.[7]
- 1848 – “a small part of a whole” in Negulici's dictionary.[9]
- 1867 – Maiorescu's Critice.[3][13]
- 1870 – a passage of a book or work, in Costinescu.[14]
Meanings
Noun
- A fragment: a piece, part or broken bit of a whole; a bucată.[2][3][1]
- A separate passage of a written, literary or musical work, or what survives of a lost or unfinished work: Au rămas doar câteva fragmente din poem.[2][4][13]
Related words
- fragmenta
- fragmentar
- fragil
- frânge
- Latin fragmentum
References
- ^ a b c d e Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
- ^ a b c d DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 411
- ^ a b c d Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 1, 937
- ^ a b c Marcu, Florin (2000), Marele dicționar de neologisme, București: Saeculum Vizual, p. s.v. fragment
- ^ Marcu, Florin; Maneca, Constant (1986), Dicționar de neologisme, 3rd ed., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România, p. s.v. fragment
- ^ Academia Republicii Populare Romîne (1958), Dicționarul limbii romîne moderne, București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. s.v. fragment
- ^ a b c Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. fragment
- ^ Scriban, August (1939), Dicționaru limbii românești (etimologii, înțelesuri, exemple, citațiuni, arhaizme, neologizme, provincializme), Iași: Presa Bună, p. 524
- ^ a b c d Negulici, I. D. (1848), Vocabular romînesc de toate vorbele streine întroduse pînă acum în limba romînească și de toate cuvintele ce s-ar mai putea introduce încă, București, p. s.v. fragment
- ^ Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
- ^ Rey, Alain, ed. (1992), Dictionnaire historique de la langue française, Paris: Le Robert
- ^ Graur, Alexandru (1980), Cuvinte înrudite, București: Editura Științifică și Enciclopedică
- ^ a b c d Academia Română (1913–1949), Dicționarul limbii române (DA), ed. Sextil Pușcariu, tom I (A–B, C, D–De) and tom II (F–I, J–Lojniță), București: Socec / Universul / Monitorul Oficial și Imprimeriile Statului; page scans at cflr-scans.solirom.ro, p. s.v. fragment
- ^ a b c Costinescu, Ion (1870), Vocabularu romano-francesu, 2 vols., Bucuresci, p. 1, 454
- ^ Candrea, I.-A.; Adamescu, Gh. (1926–1931), Dicționarul enciclopedic ilustrat „Cartea Românească”, București: Cartea Românească, p. s.v. fragment
Related etymologies
Cite this entry
“Fragment.” Etymologically, 12 Nov. 2026, etymologically.com/ro/fragment. Accessed 12 Nov. 2026.
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