Etymologically

Etymology and origin of the Romanian word fragment

Confidence
Established
Formation
Borrowing
First attested
1800 More words from the 18th century
Borrowed from
French fragment
Ultimate origin
Latin frangō
Etymology tree
inherited borrowed derived
Latin frangō
Romanian frânge
Latin fragmentum
English fragment
Romanian fragment
From the same root
Latin anfrāctus ← frangō
Latin cōnfringō ← frangō
Latin dēfringō ← frangō
Latin effringō ← frangō
Latin frāctiō ← frangō
Latin frāctūra ← frangō
Latin frāctus ← frangō
Latin fragilis ← frangō
Latin fragmen ← frangō
Latin infringō ← frangō
Latin naufragus ← frangō
Latin perfringō ← frangō
Latin praefringo ← frangō
Latin refringō ← frangō
Romanian înfrânge ← frânge
English fragmentation ← fragment

Pronunciation

  • /fraɡˈment/[1]

Forms

fragment n (plural fragmente)[1]

Etymology

It is borrowed from French fragment, also borrowed from Latin fragmentum (“a piece broken off”): the DEX, the MDA2 and the MDN name both, the DN and the DLRM the French word with the Latin beside it.[2][3][4][5][6][1] Tiktin and Scriban give the Latin word alone, and Negulici (1848) glosses it with the Latin noun.[7][8][9]

The Latin noun is formed on frangō (“to break”) with the suffix -mentum.[1][10] The French noun is a learned remaking, about 1500, of the older Old French frament.[11] Graur lists the Romanian word in the family of the Latin verb, beside frânge, fractură, fragil and fracție.[12]

Earliest recorded meaning

Tiktin dates the first record to 1800.[7] Negulici (1848) explains it as “a small part of a whole; a piece, a broken bit”.[9] The DA's and the MDA2's first quotation is from Maiorescu's Critice: man is „condamnat la fragment” “condemned to the fragment”.[13][3]

Semantic evolution

From the first the word had two uses: a piece of something broken, and a part of a whole.[9][14] Costinescu (1870) adds a passage taken from a book or other work, which became the most frequent use: an isolated part of a writing, or what is left of a lost or unfinished work.[14][13][2] The CADE (1931) lists the senses “potsherd, broken piece”, “what survives of a lost book” and “a short part of a text or speech”.[15] The MDN extends it to a passage of a piece of music.[4]

Timeline

  • 1800 – first record.[7]
  • 1848 – “a small part of a whole” in Negulici's dictionary.[9]
  • 1867 – Maiorescu's Critice.[3][13]
  • 1870 – a passage of a book or work, in Costinescu.[14]

Meanings

Noun

  1. A fragment: a piece, part or broken bit of a whole; a bucată.[2][3][1]
  2. A separate passage of a written, literary or musical work, or what survives of a lost or unfinished work: Au rămas doar câteva fragmente din poem.[2][4][13]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c d DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 411
  3. ^ a b c d Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 1, 937
  4. ^ a b c Marcu, Florin (2000), Marele dicționar de neologisme, București: Saeculum Vizual, p. s.v. fragment
  5. ^ Marcu, Florin; Maneca, Constant (1986), Dicționar de neologisme, 3rd ed., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România, p. s.v. fragment
  6. ^ Academia Republicii Populare Romîne (1958), Dicționarul limbii romîne moderne, București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. s.v. fragment
  7. ^ a b c Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. fragment
  8. ^ Scriban, August (1939), Dicționaru limbii românești (etimologii, înțelesuri, exemple, citațiuni, arhaizme, neologizme, provincializme), Iași: Presa Bună, p. 524
  9. ^ a b c d Negulici, I. D. (1848), Vocabular romînesc de toate vorbele streine întroduse pînă acum în limba romînească și de toate cuvintele ce s-ar mai putea introduce încă, București, p. s.v. fragment
  10. ^ Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
  11. ^ Rey, Alain, ed. (1992), Dictionnaire historique de la langue française, Paris: Le Robert
  12. ^ Graur, Alexandru (1980), Cuvinte înrudite, București: Editura Științifică și Enciclopedică
  13. ^ a b c d Academia Română (1913–1949), Dicționarul limbii române (DA), ed. Sextil Pușcariu, tom I (A–B, C, D–De) and tom II (F–I, J–Lojniță), București: Socec / Universul / Monitorul Oficial și Imprimeriile Statului; page scans at cflr-scans.solirom.ro, p. s.v. fragment
  14. ^ a b c Costinescu, Ion (1870), Vocabularu romano-francesu, 2 vols., Bucuresci, p. 1, 454
  15. ^ Candrea, I.-A.; Adamescu, Gh. (1926–1931), Dicționarul enciclopedic ilustrat „Cartea Românească”, București: Cartea Românească, p. s.v. fragment

Related etymologies

  • cap · also from French
  • dura · also from French
  • pur · also from French
  • pană · also from French
  • pat · also from French
  • masă · also from French
  • lac · also from French
  • primar · also from French
Cite this entry

“Fragment.” Etymologically, 12 Nov. 2026, etymologically.com/ro/fragment. Accessed 12 Nov. 2026.

Last edited on . ·