emite

Forms

emite (third-person singular present emite, past participle emis, third-person subjunctive emită, obsolete emiță), 3rd conjugation^[1]

Etymology

It is a learned borrowing borrowed from Latin ēmittō (“to send out, let go”), as DEX, Wiktionary and the DLR give it, with French as the model that DEX and the DLR compare.^[2][1][3] Marcu has the Latin verb taken over on the French model.^[4] DELR derives it borrowed from French émettre instead, with the form remade after the Latin word behind the French one.^[5]

The Latin verb is formed from ex- and mittō (“to send”).^[5][6] The French verb was borrowed from Latin in 1477 and respelled after mettre.^[6] Graur groups the verb with admite, comite and demite among the Romanian learned borrowings of the family of the Latin verb.^[7]

Earliest recorded meaning

DELR's first record is an isolated one: the word is among the new words Paul Iorgovici proposed in 1799; the verb is in regular use from Stamati's dictionary of 1851.^[5] MDA2's first record is the newspaper Telegraful of 1854, in a sentence about a note issued by the London cabinet: „O notă emisă de la cabinetul din London”.^[8][3]

Semantic evolution

The first sense in the press of the 1850s was official: governments and officials “issue” notes, decrees and orders.^[3][8] A noun emis “decree, proclamation” was made from the participle in 1852.^[5] Pontbriant (1862) adds “to put into circulation” and “to express”, the senses of the French verb.^[9] Șăineanu (1929) has shares put in circulation and opinions put forward.^[10]

The physical sense, of a body sending out rays, heat or sound, is in CADE (1931).^[11] With radio came the sense “to transmit a message by electromagnetic waves”.^[8][5] The French verb went through much the same senses between 1790 and the 1930s.^[6]

Timeline

• 1799 – in Paul Iorgovici's list of proposed new words, an isolated record.^[5]
• 1851 – in Stamati's dictionary, the start of regular use.^[5]
• 1852 – the noun emis “decree”.^[5]
• 1854 – o notă emisă “a note issued” in Telegraful.^[8][3]
• 1862 – Pontbriant: “to put into circulation; to express”.^[9]
• 1931 – CADE: of a body sending out rays.^[11]

Meanings

Verb

1. To put forward or express an opinion, a theory; to transmit, to announce.^[2][12]
2. To draw up and issue a law, decree or other normative act; to put a banknote or security into circulation.^[2][8]
3. To issue a document, such as a certificate, on request.^[8][13]
4. To emit gases, radiation, waves or sound into the surroundings.^[2][8]
5. Of a transmitter: to send a message at a distance by electromagnetic waves.^[8]

Word family

• emis
• emisar
• emisiune
• emitor
• emițător
• emitere

Related words

• admite
• comite
• demite
• Latin ēmittō

References

1. ^ a b Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 352
3. ^ a b c d Academia Română (1965–2010), Dicționarul limbii române (DLR), serie nouă, tom I–XIX, București: Editura Academiei Române, p. s.v. emite
4. ^ Marcu, Florin (2000), Marele dicționar de neologisme, București: Saeculum Vizual
5. ^ a b c d e f g h Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2011–), Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române (DELR), vol. I: A–B (2011), vol. II: C (2015–2018), București: Editura Academiei Române; continued online at delr.lingv.ro, p. s.v. emite
6. ^ a b c Rey, Alain, ed. (1992), Dictionnaire historique de la langue française, Paris: Le Robert
7. ^ Graur, Alexandru (1980), Cuvinte înrudite, București: Editura Științifică și Enciclopedică, p. 60
8. ^ a b c d e f g h Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 1, 808
9. ^ a b Pontbriant, Raoul de (1862), Dictiunaru romano-francesu, Bucuresci: A. Ulrich / Göttingen: Dieterich, p. 239
10. ^ Șăineanu, Lazăr (1929), Dicționar universal al limbei române, 6th ed., Craiova: Scrisul Românesc, p. 230
11. ^ a b Candrea, I.-A.; Adamescu, Gh. (1926–1931), Dicționarul enciclopedic ilustrat „Cartea Românească”, București: Cartea Românească, p. s.v. emite
12. ^ Marcu, Florin; Maneca, Constant (1986), Dicționar de neologisme, 3rd ed., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România
13. ^ Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2002), Noul dicționar explicativ al limbii române, București: Litera Internațional