eliberare

Forms

eliberare f (plural eliberări)^[1]

Etymology

It is formed from Romanian elibera + -re, the long infinitive of the verb used as a noun of action.^[2][3][4][1] The verb is from Latin ēlīberō (“to set free”), taken over in the 19th century according to Ciorănescu;^[5][6] Tiktin calls it a Latin neologism.^[5][6]

Earliest recorded meaning

Tiktin dates the noun to 1781, in Micu, and the DLR follows him.^[7][2] The noun is thus recorded long before the verb, which Tiktin first finds in 1852.^[7][6] MDA2 takes its first record from Codrescu, where it is said that a population of slaves was held to be quite unfit for being set free.^[3][2]

Semantic evolution

The DLR orders the senses from release from slavery, serfdom or captivity, through deliverance from political, social or national oppression, to the liberation of a country from occupation, quoted from 1852 for the liberation of Palestine.^[2] Pontbriant glossed it in 1862 with French words for deliverance, setting free and emancipation.^[8] Later senses are administrative: the discharge of a soldier, the issuing of documents by an office, the handing over of goods against a receipt.^[2][3] Figurative senses, “relief” and “escape from what constrains”, are quoted from Ibrăileanu and Camil Petrescu.^[2] Tiktin and DN give liberare as a synonym.^[7][4]

Timeline

• 1781 – the first record, in Micu.^[7][2]
• 1852 – the liberation of Palestine in a calendar; the verb elibera first recorded.^[2][6]
• 1862 – in Pontbriant's dictionary, “deliverance, setting free”.^[8]

Meanings

Noun

1. release: setting free from slavery, serfdom, captivity or prison.^[3][2][9]
2. liberation from political, social or national oppression, or of a country from foreign occupation.^[3][2]
3. The discharge of a soldier who has completed military service.^[3][2]
4. The issuing of documents by an institution on request; the handing over of goods against a receipt.^[3][2]
5. (figurative) Relief; escape from something that constrains.^[3][2]
6. (chemistry) The passing of an atom into a free state; the giving off of a substance.^[3]

Related words

• liberare

References

1. ^ a b Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Academia Română (1965–2010), Dicționarul limbii române (DLR), serie nouă, tom I–XIX, București: Editura Academiei Române, p. s.v. eliberare
3. ^ a b c d e f g h i Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 1, 801
4. ^ a b Marcu, Florin; Maneca, Constant (1986), Dicționar de neologisme, 3rd ed., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România, p. s.v. eliberare
5. ^ a b Ciorănescu, Alexandru (1958–1966), Diccionario etimológico rumano, La Laguna: Universidad de La Laguna (Romanian ed.: Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române, București: Saeculum, 2001), p. s.v. elibera
6. ^ a b c d Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. elibera
7. ^ a b c d Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. eliberare
8. ^ a b Pontbriant, Raoul de (1862), Dictiunaru romano-francesu, Bucuresci: A. Ulrich / Göttingen: Dieterich, p. 238
9. ^ DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 349