emisiune

Forms

emisiune f (plural emisiuni)^[1]

Etymology

It is borrowed from French émission, with borrowed from Latin ēmissiō (“a sending out”) as a second model, one of the learned words that came into Romanian in the 19th century.^[2][3][4] MDA2 and the DLR add Italian emissione as a third model, while Wiktionary and the Wikționar name only the French word.^[4][5][1][6] The Latin noun is formed on ēmittō (“to send out”), from ex (“out of”) and mittō (“to send”).^[1][7] Graur lists the Romanian word, in its form emisie, among the descendants of the Latin verb, beside emite, emisar and misiune.^[8]

French had borrowed the word from Latin early in the 14th century; it took the sense of a radiation in 1720, after the English word emission as Newton used it, and that of putting paper money into circulation in 1789.^[9] The DELI regards the physical and the financial senses of the Italian word as modelled on French too.^[10]

Earliest recorded meaning

The first record is an isolated emisie in Paul Iorgovici's Observații de limba rumânească of 1799.^[2][4] The form emisiune appears in 1848 in Negulici's dictionary of neologisms, in the general sense of a giving off or sending out.^[2]

Semantic evolution

Costinescu's dictionary of 1870 still spells it emissiune and explains it as a pouring or flowing out of particles from a body: the emission of the sun's rays, of urine or of semen.^[11] Barcianu in 1886 gives the outflow of a liquid and the issue of shares and paper money.^[12] The financial sense and the emission of sound and light are the main ones in Șăineanu, the CADE and Scriban, who also gives the expressing of a wish.^[13][14][15]

With radio came the sense of a programme: the dictionaries of the 1950s define it as a programme broadcast by radio in a set order, and DEX adds television.^[16][17][3] Compounds such as emisiune-concurs “quiz show” and emisiune-anchetă “investigative programme” appear in the press from 1967.^[18] Today DEX uses the shorter form emisie for the technical and financial senses and keeps emisiune for the broadcast.^[3]

Timeline

• 1799 – emisie in Iorgovici's Observații, an isolated record.^[2][4]
• 1848 – emisiune in Negulici's dictionary;^[2] emisiv “emissive” in the same work.^[2]
• 1870 – emissiune, the emission of rays and of fluids of the body, in Costinescu.^[11]
• 1886 – the issue of shares and paper money, in Barcianu.^[12]
• 1955–1957 – a programme broadcast by radio.^[17]
• 1967 – emisiune-concurs and emisiune-anchetă in the press.^[18]

Meanings

Noun

1. A broadcast, a programme transmitted by radio or television in a set order.^[3][1]
2. (also emisie) The issue of money, securities or shares by a central bank, a state or an authorised institution; the issue of a new series of postage stamps.^[3][4]
3. (also emisie) The emission of gases, waves or radiation by a body or a device.^[3][4]
4. The uttering of sounds or words.^[4]

Related words

• emite
• emisie
• emisar
• emisiv
• misiune

Usage notes

DEX writes the issue of money and the emission of radiation in the form emisie, so that emisiune is now mostly the radio or television programme: o emisiune de știri “a news programme”.^[3] It is pronounced with the i and u in separate syllables, -si-u-.^[3]

References

1. ^ a b c d Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2011–), Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române (DELR), vol. I: A–B (2011), vol. II: C (2015–2018), București: Editura Academiei Române; continued online at delr.lingv.ro, p. s.v. emisiune
3. ^ a b c d e f g h DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 352
4. ^ a b c d e f g Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 1, 808
5. ^ Academia Română (1965–2010), Dicționarul limbii române (DLR), serie nouă, tom I–XIX, București: Editura Academiei Române, p. s.v. emisiune
6. ^ Wikționar (Romanian Wiktionary), ro.wiktionary.org
7. ^ Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
8. ^ Graur, Alexandru (1980), Cuvinte înrudite, București: Editura Științifică și Enciclopedică
9. ^ Rey, Alain, ed. (1992), Dictionnaire historique de la langue française, Paris: Le Robert
10. ^ Cortelazzo, Manlio; Zolli, Paolo (1999), Dizionario etimologico della lingua italiana, 2nd ed. by Manlio Cortelazzo and Michele A. Cortelazzo, Bologna: Zanichelli
11. ^ a b Costinescu, Ion (1870), Vocabularu romano-francesu, 2 vols., Bucuresci, p. 1, 382
12. ^ a b Barcianu, Sava Popovici (1886), Dicționar român-germân și germân-român, revised by D. P. Barcianu, part I: român-germân, Sibiu: Institut tipografic, p. 208
13. ^ Șăineanu, Lazăr (1929), Dicționar universal al limbei române, 6th ed., Craiova: Scrisul Românesc, p. 1, 230
14. ^ Candrea, I.-A.; Adamescu, Gh. (1926–1931), Dicționarul enciclopedic ilustrat „Cartea Românească”, București: Cartea Românească, p. s.v. emisiune
15. ^ Scriban, August (1939), Dicționaru limbii românești (etimologii, înțelesuri, exemple, citațiuni, arhaizme, neologizme, provincializme), Iași: Presa Bună, p. 1, 467
16. ^ Academia Republicii Populare Romîne (1958), Dicționarul limbii romîne moderne, București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. s.v. emisiune
17. ^ a b Macrea, Dimitrie; Petrovici, Emil (coord.) (1955–1957), Dicționarul limbii romîne literare contemporane, 4 vols., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. 2, 210
18. ^ a b Dimitrescu, Florica (1997), Dicționar de cuvinte recente, 2nd ed., București: Logos (with the 3rd ed., 2013, in CLRE), p. s.v. emisiune