Etymology and origin of the Romanian word deși
- Confidence
- Established
- Formation
- Compound
- First attested
- 1643 Varlaam's Cazania More words from the 17th century
- Ultimate origin
- Proto-Italic *dē,*sei,*ke
Etymology tree
Etymology
It is formed from Romanian de (“if”) + și (“even”), two elements that could at first be separated.[1][2][3][4] The DELR compares other concessive phrases made of a conditional conjunction and an adverb that marks a fact as contrary to expectation: even if and German auch wenn or wenn auch.[1] The old language also used the combinations ⟨să … și⟩ and ⟨și de⟩.[1] Scriban still quotes the parts apart, ⟨de se și ascunde⟩ “even if he hides”.[5] Șăineanu's derivation from Latin ⟨de sic⟩ is an old view.[6]
Earliest recorded meaning
The first record is in Varlaam's Cazania of 1643: „Deși sămt omului de treabă într-această lume, cu lăcomie tot să nu strângă” “even though [these things] are needed by man in this world, let him not gather them greedily”.[1][7] The sense was concessive from the start.[7]
Semantic evolution
The New Testament of 1648, Miron Costin and Dosoftei's verse psalter use it in the same sense.[7] Mardarie's Slavonic–Romanian lexicon of 1649 gives it for the Slavonic аще и “even if”.[8] In the old language the main clause often answered it with dar, însă or măcar; today it is totuși or cu toate acestea.[7][9] It also introduces elliptical phrases without a verb.[2]
Timeline
- 1643 – in Varlaam's Cazania, the first record.[1][7]
- 1648 – in the New Testament of Bălgrad.[7]
- 1649 – Mardarie's lexicon glosses Slavonic аще и.[8]
- 1673 – in Dosoftei's verse psalter.[7][3]
- 1825 – the Lexicon of Buda glosses it with Latin etsi, quamvis and German obschon, obwohl.[10]
Meanings
Conjunction
- although, even though: introduces a concessive clause, often answered by totuși: Deși ploua, am ieșit. “Although it was raining, we went out.”[2][7]
- In elliptical phrases without a verb: deși obosit, a continuat “though tired, he went on”.[2][9]
Related words
Usage notes
The same spelling is also the masculine plural of the adjective des “dense, frequent”.[8]
References
- ^ a b c d e Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2011–), Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române (DELR), vol. I: A–B (2011), vol. II: C (2015–2018), București: Editura Academiei Române; continued online at delr.lingv.ro, p. s.v. deși
- ^ a b c d DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 302
- ^ a b Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 1, 680
- ^ Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
- ^ Scriban, August (1939), Dicționaru limbii românești (etimologii, înțelesuri, exemple, citațiuni, arhaizme, neologizme, provincializme), Iași: Presa Bună, p. 415
- ^ Șăineanu, Lazăr (1929), Dicționar universal al limbei române, 6th ed., Craiova: Scrisul Românesc, p. 203
- ^ a b c d e f g h Academia Română (1965–2010), Dicționarul limbii române (DLR), serie nouă, tom I–XIX, București: Editura Academiei Române, p. s.v. deși
- ^ a b c Ungureanu, Mădălina; Gînsac, Ana-Maria; Moruz, Alexandru (eds.), eRomLex: The First Romanian Bilingual Dictionaries (17th century), Iași: Universitatea „Alexandru Ioan Cuza”, https://scriptadacoromanica.ro, p. s.v. deși
- ^ a b Macrea, Dimitrie; Petrovici, Emil (coord.) (1955–1957), Dicționarul limbii romîne literare contemporane, 4 vols., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. 2, 84
- ^ Lesicon românescu-latinescu-ungurescu-nemțescu quare de mai mulți autori, în cursul a trideci și mai multor ani s-au lucrat (1825), Buda: Typographia Universității (the Lexicon of Buda, ed. Petru Maior et al.), p. 182
Cite this entry
“Deși.” Etymologically, 12 Nov. 2026, etymologically.com/ro/de%C8%99i. Accessed 12 Nov. 2026.
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