Etymology and origin of the Romanian word chitară
- Confidence
- Established
- Formation
- Borrowing
- First attested
- 1785 More words from the 18th century
- Borrowed from
- Italian chitarra
- Ultimate origin
- Ancient Greek κιθάρα
Pronunciation
- /kiˈta.rə/[1]
Forms
chitară f (plural chitare)[1]
Etymology
It is borrowed from Italian chitarra, as DELR, MDA2, DEX, Tiktin and the neologism dictionaries agree.[2][3][4][5][6] The DA allows Modern Greek κιθάρα (kithára) as a second source, and Scriban names both.[7][8] The variant ghitară is from French guitare, itself from Spanish guitarra; the variant citară is a hyper-Latinism, remade after the Latin word.[2][7]
The Italian word, recorded from the early 14th century in Dante, is a loan from Arabic قِيثَارَة (qīṯāra), which comes from Latin cithara and ultimately Ancient Greek κιθάρα (kithára, “lyre”).[9][10][1] Beekes takes the Greek word to be Pre-Greek.[11] The same Latin word survives as ceteră, inherited, and was borrowed again through German as țiteră: the DA and Wiktionary call them doublets of this word.[7][1]
Earliest recorded meaning
DELR and Tiktin date the first record to 1785.[2][5] The Lexicon de la Buda of 1825, MDA2's first record, gives chitară or citară with Latin cithara and German Cither.[12][3]
Semantic evolution
The DA describes the guitar as an instrument of six strings, like a violin but larger, played by plucking or striking the strings with the fingers.[7] In the 19th century the French form ghitară competed with the Italian one;[13] Eminescu and Sadoveanu wrote ghitara.[13] The plural is chitare, with an older chitări in Ispirescu.[7][13]
The player is a chitarist, recorded from 1832 and taken from Italian chitarrista, with the variants citarist and ghitarist; the feminine chitaristă appears in 1871.[2] The modern chitară electrică is the electric guitar.[4][3]
Timeline
- 1785 – the first record.[2][5]
- 1825 – chitară or citară in the Lexicon de la Buda.[12]
- 1832 – chitarist “guitarist”.[2]
- 1871 – the feminine chitaristă, in the Latinized form citaristă.[2]
- 1886 – Barcianu's dictionary gives chitară and chitarist with German glosses.[14]
Meanings
Noun
- guitar: a musical instrument with strings, usually six, played by plucking or striking them with the fingers.[4][3][1]
- chitară electrică: an electric guitar, whose sound is picked up and amplified.[4]
Word family
- chitarist
Related words
- ceteră
- țiteră
- Italian chitarra
References
- ^ a b c d e Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
- ^ a b c d e f g Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2011–), Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române (DELR), vol. I: A–B (2011), vol. II: C (2015–2018), București: Editura Academiei Române; continued online at delr.lingv.ro, p. s.v. chitară
- ^ a b c d Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 1, 388
- ^ a b c d DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 180
- ^ a b c Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. chitară
- ^ Marcu, Florin (2000), Marele dicționar de neologisme, București: Saeculum Vizual, p. s.v. chitară
- ^ a b c d e Academia Română (1913–1949), Dicționarul limbii române (DA), ed. Sextil Pușcariu, tom I (A–B, C, D–De) and tom II (F–I, J–Lojniță), București: Socec / Universul / Monitorul Oficial și Imprimeriile Statului; page scans at cflr-scans.solirom.ro, p. s.v. chitară
- ^ Scriban, August (1939), Dicționaru limbii românești (etimologii, înțelesuri, exemple, citațiuni, arhaizme, neologizme, provincializme), Iași: Presa Bună, p. 1, 274
- ^ Cortelazzo, Manlio; Zolli, Paolo (1999), Dizionario etimologico della lingua italiana, 2nd ed. by Manlio Cortelazzo and Michele A. Cortelazzo, Bologna: Zanichelli
- ^ Nocentini, Alberto; Parenti, Alessandro (2010), l'Etimologico: vocabolario della lingua italiana, Firenze: Le Monnier
- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), Etymological Dictionary of Greek, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 10, Leiden; Boston: Brill
- ^ a b Lesicon românescu-latinescu-ungurescu-nemțescu quare de mai mulți autori, în cursul a trideci și mai multor ani s-au lucrat (1825), Buda: Typographia Universității (the Lexicon of Buda, ed. Petru Maior et al.), p. 117
- ^ a b c Macrea, Dimitrie; Petrovici, Emil (coord.) (1955–1957), Dicționarul limbii romîne literare contemporane, 4 vols., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. 1, 416
- ^ Barcianu, Sava Popovici (1886), Dicționar român-germân și germân-român, revised by D. P. Barcianu, part I: român-germân, Sibiu: Institut tipografic, p. 102
Related etymologies
Cite this entry
“Chitară.” Etymologically, 12 Nov. 2026, etymologically.com/ro/chitar%C4%83. Accessed 12 Nov. 2026.
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