chirurgical

Forms

chirurgical m or n (feminine singular chirurgicală, masculine plural chirurgicali, feminine/neuter plural chirurgicale)^[1]

Etymology

It is borrowed from French chirurgical, with Latin chirurgicalis as a second source: the DEX, the DILF and the NODEX give both, the DELR, the DN, the MDN and Wiktionary the French word, MDA2 and Tiktin the Latin one.^{[2][3][4][5][6][7][1][8][9]}

It belongs to the family of chirurg “surgeon” and chirurgie “surgery”, which the DELR traces to New Latin chirurgia, from Ancient Greek χειρουργία (kheirourgía), a compound with χείρ (kheír, “hand”) whose second part is related to ἔργον (érgon, “work”).^[5] The DELR records an older adjective chirurgic from about 1830, which had a variant taken from Modern Greek χειρουργικός (cheirourgikós).^[5]

Earliest recorded meaning

Tiktin dates the adjective to 1833 and notes an obsolete form hirurghicesc in the same source.^[9] The DELR's first record is from 1843, and MDA2 starts with Titu Maiorescu's parliamentary speeches.^[5][8]

Semantic evolution

The meaning has stayed technical: belonging to surgery, or carried out by surgery.^[2][5] The DLRLC names clinics, operations and instruments as things it describes.^[10] MDA2 splits the sense into “belonging to”, “referring to” and “characteristic of” surgery.^[8]

Timeline

• c. 1830 – the related adjective chirurgic “of surgery”.^[5]
• 1833 – chirurgical, with the obsolete form hirurghicesc, in Tiktin's first source.^[9]
• 1843 – chirurgical “of surgery; done by surgery”, the DELR's first record.^[5]
• 1931 – the CADE marks it as a French loan.^[11]

Meanings

Adjective

1. Surgical: belonging or relating to surgery.^[2][8]
2. Carried out by means of surgery: intervenție chirurgicală “surgical intervention”.^[2][4]

Related words

• chirurg
• chirurgie
• chirurgic
• French chirurgical

Usage notes

The obsolete variant hirurgical is also recorded.^[2][5]

References

1. ^ a b Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 180
3. ^ Costăchescu, Adriana; Dincă, Daniela; Dragoste, Ramona; Popescu, Mihaela; Scurtu, Gabriela (2009–2010), Dicționar de împrumuturi lexicale din limba franceză (DILF), 2 vols., Craiova: Universitaria, p. s.v. chirurgical
4. ^ a b Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2002), Noul dicționar explicativ al limbii române, București: Litera Internațional, p. s.v. chirurgical
5. ^ a b c d e f g h Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2011–), Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române (DELR), vol. I: A–B (2011), vol. II: C (2015–2018), București: Editura Academiei Române; continued online at delr.lingv.ro, p. s.v. chirurg
6. ^ Marcu, Florin; Maneca, Constant (1986), Dicționar de neologisme, 3rd ed., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România, p. s.v. chirurgical
7. ^ Marcu, Florin (2000), Marele dicționar de neologisme, București: Saeculum Vizual, p. s.v. chirurgical
8. ^ a b c d Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 1, 386
9. ^ a b c Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. chirurgical
10. ^ Macrea, Dimitrie; Petrovici, Emil (coord.) (1955–1957), Dicționarul limbii romîne literare contemporane, 4 vols., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. 1, 416
11. ^ Candrea, I.-A.; Adamescu, Gh. (1926–1931), Dicționarul enciclopedic ilustrat „Cartea Românească”, București: Cartea Românească, p. s.v. chirurgical