anula

Forms

anula (third-person singular present anulează, past participle anulat), 1st conjugation^[1]

Etymology

It is borrowed from French annuler, with Latin annullō as a second model, as DEX and MDA2 give it; the DN also names Italian annullare.^[2][3][4] Tiktin gives only the Latin word.^[5] According to DELR the French verb was borrowed from the medieval form of the Latin one, which goes back to Late Latin adnullō (“to annihilate; to count as nothing”), formed on nūllus (“none; worthless”), itself from the negative particle ne and ūllus (“any”).^[6] In Church Latin the verb meant “to annihilate, annul”.^[7]

The early variant ⟨anularisi⟩ was fitted into the class of verbs in ⟨-arisi⟩.^[6]

Earliest recorded meaning

DELR and Tiktin date the first record to 1833, as anularisi in the Codul Calimach, the Moldavian civil code; the form anula follows in 1846, in Laurian.^[6][5] The sense is legal: to declare an act null.^[6]

Semantic evolution

Negulici's dictionary of 1848 explains a annulà as to abolish or break an act, and notes that it could be conjugated both annulez and annul.^[8] Pontbriant glosses it with French annuler, supprimer and abolir in 1862.^[9] Maiorescu wrote of a law that annulled the agrarian one outright.^[10][3] The mathematical sense, to make an expression equal to zero, is in CADE and the later dictionaries.^[11][2]

The family came from French in the same period: anulație in 1848, anulativ in 1859, anulabil in 1862 and anulabilitate in 1864.^[6]

Timeline

• 1833 – anularisi in the Codul Calimach, the first record.^[6][5]
• 1846 – the form anula, in Laurian.^[6]
• 1848 – a annulà and anulație in Negulici.^[8][6]
• 1859 – anulativ.^[6]
• 1862 – anulabil.^[6]
• 1864 – anulabilitate, in the Civil Code.^[6]

Meanings

Verb

1. To annul, to cancel: to declare an act, a decision or an order null; generally, to abolish, to delete, to cross out.^[2][3][1]
2. (mathematics) To make an expression equal to zero.^[2][4]

Word family

• anulabil
• anulabilitate
• anulație
• anulare

Related words

• nul

References

1. ^ a b Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 52
3. ^ a b c Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 1, 76
4. ^ a b Marcu, Florin; Maneca, Constant (1986), Dicționar de neologisme, 3rd ed., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România
5. ^ a b c Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. anula
6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2011–), Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române (DELR), vol. I: A–B (2011), vol. II: C (2015–2018), București: Editura Academiei Române; continued online at delr.lingv.ro, p. s.v. anula
7. ^ Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
8. ^ a b Negulici, I. D. (1848), Vocabular romînesc de toate vorbele streine întroduse pînă acum în limba romînească și de toate cuvintele ce s-ar mai putea introduce încă, București
9. ^ Pontbriant, Raoul de (1862), Dictiunaru romano-francesu, Bucuresci: A. Ulrich / Göttingen: Dieterich, p. 34
10. ^ Academia Română (1913–1949), Dicționarul limbii române (DA), ed. Sextil Pușcariu, tom I (A–B, C, D–De) and tom II (F–I, J–Lojniță), București: Socec / Universul / Monitorul Oficial și Imprimeriile Statului; page scans at cflr-scans.solirom.ro, p. s.v. anula
11. ^ Candrea, I.-A.; Adamescu, Gh. (1926–1931), Dicționarul enciclopedic ilustrat „Cartea Românească”, București: Cartea Românească, p. s.v. anula