antrenor

Forms

antrenor m (plural antrenori, feminine equivalent antrenoare)^[1]

Etymology

It is borrowed from French entraîneur (“trainer”), a borrowing all the dictionaries agree on.^{[2][3][4][5][6][1]} The French noun is formed on entraîner (“to drag along; to train”) with the suffix -eur.^[1] DELR traces that verb to traîner (“to drag”), from Vulgar Latin *tragīnō, and puts its sporting sense down to the model of English train.^[2]

In Romanian the noun belongs with antrena, borrowed from the French verb and recorded from 1858, and with antrenament, from entraînement.^[2] Scriban found the loanword un-Romanian and proposed antrenator as the more native shape.^[7]

Earliest recorded meaning

DELR's first record is Alexi's Romanian–German dictionary of 1906, with the sense of a qualified person who trains athletes.^[2] MDA2 dates the word from the first volume of the Academy dictionary (1913).^[3] That dictionary and Scriban still defined the word as a trainer of racehorses.^[8][7][9]

Semantic evolution

The word came in with horse racing: the early dictionaries define an antrenor as the man who prepares horses for the races.^[8][7][9] By the 1950s the general sporting sense, a qualified coach of athletes, had replaced it, and the feminine antrenoare was recorded in 1955.^[10][11][2]

A second, technical sense names a machine part or device that sets a tool or another machine in motion; it is a neuter noun, with the plural antrenoare.^[4][3][5] The compound antrenor-jucător “player-coach” appears in the sports press of the 1980s.^[12]

Timeline

• 1858 – the verb antrena is first recorded, in Ralet.^[2]
• 1906 – antrenor in Alexi's Romanian–German dictionary, the first record.^[2]
• 1913 – the Academy dictionary defines it as a trainer of racehorses.^[3][8]
• 1924 – antrenament “training” in Minulescu.^[2]
• 1955 – the feminine antrenoare in the DLRLC.^[2]
• 1982 – antrenori-jucători “player-coaches” in the press.^[12]

Meanings

Noun

1. A coach or trainer: a qualified person who trains athletes or a team (masculine; feminine antrenoare).^[4][3][6][1]
2. (dated) A person who trains racehorses.^[8][7]
3. (technology; neuter) A drive device that sets a machine part, a tool or a machine in motion.^[4][3][13]

Word family

• antrenoare

Related words

• antrena
• antrenament
• French entraîneur

References

1. ^ a b c d Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f g h i Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2011–), Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române (DELR), vol. I: A–B (2011), vol. II: C (2015–2018), București: Editura Academiei Române; continued online at delr.lingv.ro, p. s.v. antrena
3. ^ a b c d e f Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 1, 75
4. ^ a b c d DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 51
5. ^ a b Marcu, Florin; Maneca, Constant (1986), Dicționar de neologisme, 3rd ed., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România
6. ^ a b Marcu, Florin (2000), Marele dicționar de neologisme, București: Saeculum Vizual
7. ^ a b c d Scriban, August (1939), Dicționaru limbii românești (etimologii, înțelesuri, exemple, citațiuni, arhaizme, neologizme, provincializme), Iași: Presa Bună, p. 108
8. ^ a b c d Academia Română (1913–1949), Dicționarul limbii române (DA), ed. Sextil Pușcariu, tom I (A–B, C, D–De) and tom II (F–I, J–Lojniță), București: Socec / Universul / Monitorul Oficial și Imprimeriile Statului; page scans at cflr-scans.solirom.ro, p. s.v. antrenor
9. ^ a b Candrea, I.-A.; Adamescu, Gh. (1926–1931), Dicționarul enciclopedic ilustrat „Cartea Românească”, București: Cartea Românească, p. s.v. antrenor
10. ^ Academia Republicii Populare Romîne (1958), Dicționarul limbii romîne moderne, București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. 33
11. ^ Macrea, Dimitrie; Petrovici, Emil (coord.) (1955–1957), Dicționarul limbii romîne literare contemporane, 4 vols., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. 1, 97
12. ^ a b Dimitrescu, Florica (1997), Dicționar de cuvinte recente, 2nd ed., București: Logos (with the 3rd ed., 2013, in CLRE)
13. ^ Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2002), Noul dicționar explicativ al limbii române, București: Litera Internațional