concurent

Forms

concurent m or n (feminine singular concurentă, masculine plural concurenți, feminine/neuter plural concurente)^[1]

Etymology

It is borrowed from French concurrent.^[2][3][4][1] The neologism dictionaries add Latin concurrens, and Graur lists it among the Romanian descendants of the Latin participle.^[5][6][7] The French word is borrowed from that participle of concurrō (“to run together”), from con- (“with”) and currō (“to run”).^[8][1] Romanian concurs and curent come from the same Latin verb.^[7]

Earliest recorded meaning

Tiktin dates the noun to about 1830, meaning a rival for the same thing.^[4] Negulici's dictionary of 1848 defines it as one who competes for the same thing at the same time.^[9]

Semantic evolution

The rival in a contest came first: Costache Negruzzi writes of a race in which the signal is given „îndată ce se vor cântări concurenții” “as soon as the competitors have been weighed”.^[4] The trader or producer competing for a market and the adjective “competing” followed.^[10][3] Geometry has drepte concurente “concurrent lines”, lines that meet in one point.^[2][11] In French the sense of a rival appeared in the 16th century and the commercial one in 1615.^[8]

Timeline

• c. 1830 – the first record of the noun.^[4]
• 1848 – in Negulici's dictionary of neologisms.^[9]
• 1870 – Costinescu glosses it with French concurrent.^[12]
• 1872 – in Costache Negruzzi's collected works.^[3]
• 1931 – CADE has the adjective, with forțe concurente and drepte concurente.^[11]

Meanings

Adjective

1. competing: that competes with another, especially for a market: firme concurente.^[2][3]
2. Tending to the same result: cauze concurente.^[3][13]
3. (mathematics) Drepte concurente: concurrent lines, meeting in one point.^[2]

Noun

1. A competitor, someone taking part in a contest, especially in sport.^[2][3]
2. A rival, a trader or producer competing with others.^[3][10]

Related words

• concurență
• concura
• concurs

References

1. ^ a b c Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 217
3. ^ a b c d e f g Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 1, 481
4. ^ a b c d Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. concurent
5. ^ Marcu, Florin (2000), Marele dicționar de neologisme, București: Saeculum Vizual, p. s.v. concurent
6. ^ Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2002), Noul dicționar explicativ al limbii române, București: Litera Internațional, p. s.v. concurent
7. ^ a b Graur, Alexandru (1980), Cuvinte înrudite, București: Editura Științifică și Enciclopedică, p. 35
8. ^ a b Rey, Alain, ed. (1992), Dictionnaire historique de la langue française, Paris: Le Robert, p. s.v. concurrent
9. ^ a b Negulici, I. D. (1848), Vocabular romînesc de toate vorbele streine întroduse pînă acum în limba romînească și de toate cuvintele ce s-ar mai putea introduce încă, București, p. s.v. concurent
10. ^ a b Macrea, Dimitrie; Petrovici, Emil (coord.) (1955–1957), Dicționarul limbii romîne literare contemporane, 4 vols., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. 1, 515
11. ^ a b Candrea, I.-A.; Adamescu, Gh. (1926–1931), Dicționarul enciclopedic ilustrat „Cartea Românească”, București: Cartea Românească, p. s.v. concurent
12. ^ Costinescu, Ion (1870), Vocabularu romano-francesu, 2 vols., Bucuresci, p. 1, 227
13. ^ Academia Republicii Populare Romîne (1958), Dicționarul limbii romîne moderne, București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. s.v. concurent