antrenament

Forms

antrenament n (plural antrenamente)^[1]

Etymology

It is borrowed from French entraînement (“training”), as DELR, MDA2, DEX and the neologism dictionaries agree.^[2][3][4][5] DLRM calls it a formation modelled on the French word, and Wiktionary notes that it can also be analysed as from Romanian antrena + -ment.^[6][1] The French noun is formed on entraîner (“to train”).^[7] DELR derives that verb from traîner (“to drag”), ultimately from Latin trahō (“to draw”), with the sporting sense taken from English train.^[2]

Earliest recorded meaning

DELR dates the first record to 1924, in a work of Minulescu, with the sense “preparation for an activity, especially a sport, through methodical exercise”.^[2] MDA2's first record is later, Călinescu's novel Enigma Otiliei.^[3]

Semantic evolution

The word came with the vocabulary of modern sport, beside the verb antrena (1858), antrenor “coach” (1906) and antren “verve” (1884), all from French.^[2] Besides the training of athletes, dancers or singers, it is used in animal husbandry for exercise that raises an animal's yield.^[4][5] Supraantrenament “overtraining”, modelled on French surentraînement, is recorded from 1964.^[2]

Timeline

• 1924 – antrenament in Minulescu.^[2]
• 1964 – supraantrenament “overtraining”.^[2]

Meanings

Noun

1. training: systematic physical and mental preparation for (sporting) performance; a training session.^[4][3][1]
2. Methodical exercise of an organ, an apparatus or the whole animal body to raise its output.^[4][8]

Word family

• supraantrenament

Related words

• antrena
• antrenor
• antren

References

1. ^ a b c Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f g Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2011–), Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române (DELR), vol. I: A–B (2011), vol. II: C (2015–2018), București: Editura Academiei Române; continued online at delr.lingv.ro, p. s.v. antrena
3. ^ a b c Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 1, 75
4. ^ a b c d DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 51
5. ^ a b Marcu, Florin (2000), Marele dicționar de neologisme, București: Saeculum Vizual, p. s.v. antrenament
6. ^ Academia Republicii Populare Romîne (1958), Dicționarul limbii romîne moderne, București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. 1, 33
7. ^ Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org, p. s.v. fr entraînement
8. ^ Marcu, Florin; Maneca, Constant (1986), Dicționar de neologisme, 3rd ed., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România, p. s.v. antrenament