vinha

Forms

vinha f (plural vinhas)^[1] Old Galician-Portuguese wrote uinha, vinna, vỹa and vias; the form via is recorded before 1798.^[2][3]

Etymology

It is inherited from Latin vīnea (“vines in a vineyard”), written Old Galician-Portuguese vinna and Old Galician-Portuguese uinha in the 13th century.^[2][3][1] Other medieval forms were Old Galician-Portuguese vỹa and Old Galician-Portuguese vias.^[2][3]

The same Latin word is Galician viña, Spanish viña, Catalan vinya, Occitan vinha, French vigne, Italian vigna and Romanian vie; in several of these it means the vine itself, in Occitan and Catalan also the vine-growing land.^[4][1]

The Latin noun is the feminine of vīneus (“of wine”), from vīnum (“wine”).^[5][1][6]

Earliest recorded meaning

Latin charters write uineas from 867 (uineas. pumares. terras, “vineyards, orchards, lands”) and uina in 1065.^[7][2] The vernacular forms uinha and vinnas appear in the 13th century, with the sense “vineyard”.^[2][3] A cantiga d'escarnho uses vinhas alheas “other men's vines” as a sexual image.^[8]

Semantic evolution

The word has meant a vineyard throughout its history;^[2][9] vinha for the vine plant itself, a synonym of videira, is a secondary sense.^[2][9] Cardoso (1569) gives Latin vinia as its equivalent, Barbosa (1611) vinea.^[10][11] Viterbo notes that old documents measured vineyards in milheiros, thousands of vine stocks.^[12] Informally the word came to mean anything that brings profit, a bargain, and also a job or occupation.^[2][9][1] Vinha do Senhor “the Lord's vineyard” is the practice of religion.^[9]

Timeline

• 867 – uineas in a Latin charter.^[7]
• 13th century – the vernacular forms uinha and vinnas.^[2][3]
• c. 1430 – first occurrence in the CTA corpus, in the Horto do Esposo.^[13]
• 1569 – Cardoso's dictionary gives vinha as Latin vinia.^[10]
• 1609 – first record of the derivative vinhedo.^[14]
• before 1798 – the old form via is still recorded.^[2]

Meanings

Noun

1. A vineyard: a piece of land planted with vines, or the vines on it.^[2][9][1]
2. The vine, videira.^[2][1]
3. (figurative, informal) Something that brings profit; a bargain: Aquele negócio é uma vinha.^[2][9]
4. (figurative, informal) An occupation, job or profession.^[2]

Word family

• vinhedo

Related words

• vide
• vindima
• vinho
• vinhal
• vinhateiro
• videira
• Latin vīnea
• Galician viña

Usage notes

Houaiss and Aurélio also record vinha as a short form of vinha-d'alhos, a separate word.^[2][9]

References

1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Houaiss, Antônio; Villar, Mauro de Salles (2001), Dicionário Houaiss da língua portuguesa, Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, p. s.v. vinha
3. ^ a b c d e Cunha, Antônio Geraldo da (2010), Dicionário etimológico da língua portuguesa, 4th ed., Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, p. s.v. vinho
4. ^ Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter, p. 9350
5. ^ Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. s.v. vinea
6. ^ de Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7, Leiden; Boston: Brill
7. ^ a b Instituto da Lingua Galega, Dicionario de dicionarios do galego medieval (DDGM), ed. Ernesto González Seoane, Santiago de Compostela: Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, https://ilg.usc.gal/ddgm, p. s.v. vinha
8. ^ Universo Cantigas: Glosario da poesía medieval profana galego-portuguesa, A Coruña: Instituto da Lingua e Literatura (ILLA), Universidade da Coruña, https://www.universocantigas.gal, p. s.v. vinha
9. ^ a b c d e f g Ferreira, Aurélio Buarque de Holanda, Novo dicionário Aurélio da língua portuguesa, digital edition, p. s.v. vinha
10. ^ a b Cardoso, Jerónimo (1569–1570), Dictionarium ex lusitanico in latinum sermonem, Lisboa: João Álvares (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. vinha
11. ^ Barbosa, Agostinho (1611), Dictionarium lusitanicolatinum, Braga: Fructuoso Lourenço de Basto (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. vinha
12. ^ Viterbo, Joaquim de Santa Rosa de (1798–1799), Elucidario das palavras, termos e frases que em Portugal antiguamente se usárão, 2 vols., Lisboa: Simão Thaddeo Ferreira, p. 2, 404
13. ^ Centro de Linguística da Universidade de Lisboa, CTA – Corpus de Textos Antigos, https://teitok.clul.ul.pt/cta, p. s.v. vinha
14. ^ Houaiss, Antônio; Villar, Mauro de Salles (2001), Dicionário Houaiss da língua portuguesa, Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, p. s.v. vinhedo