verboso

Forms

verboso (feminine verbosa, masculine plural verbosos, feminine plural verbosas, metaphonic)^[1]

Etymology

It is borrowed from Latin verbōsus (“wordy, prolix”).^[2][3][1] Nascentes calls it a learned word.^[4] Wiktionary adds that it can be analysed in Portuguese as verbo with the suffix -oso.^[1]

The Latin adjective is formed from verbum (“word”) and -ōsus.^[5][1] De Vaan reconstructs Proto-Italic *werþo- and Proto-Indo-European *uerh₁-dʰh₁-o- (“making a statement”), with the cognates 𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌳 (waurd) and wort.^[6] Wiktionary instead gives *werdʰom (“word”), and names word among the cognates.^[1]

Earliest recorded meaning

Houaiss dates the first record to the 15th century, in Cunha's medieval index, and Cunha gives the 15th century with the sense "talkative".^[2][3] Morais (1813) cites it from the Ordenações Afonsinas.^[7]

Semantic evolution

Bluteau (1712–1728) defines it as "a great talker, abundant in words".^[8] Morais (1813) has both "of many words, that talks a lot" and "that has a great store of words and speaks easily".^[7] The two senses, a reproach and a compliment, are still in the modern dictionaries, with "fluent, eloquent" beside "loquacious" and, of a text, "prolix".^[2][9][10]

Timeline

• 1400s – first record.^[2][3]
• 1712–1728 – Bluteau: "a great talker".^[8]
• 1813 – Morais gives the senses "talkative" and "fluent".^[7]
• 1871–1874 – Vieira: "abounding in ideas or words".^[11]

Meanings

Adjective

1. That talks a lot; loquacious (loquaz), wordy (palavroso).^[2][12]
2. That expresses himself or herself easily; eloquent (eloquente), fluent.^[2][12][10]
3. (of a text, often pejorative) Full of words, verbose, prolix (prolixo): um relatório verboso.^[2][9][1]

Related words

• verbo
• verbal
• Latin verbum

Usage notes

The stressed vowel is closed /o/ in the masculine singular and open /ɔ/ in the plural verbosos and the feminine.^[13][9][1]

References

1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f g Houaiss, Antônio; Villar, Mauro de Salles (2001), Dicionário Houaiss da língua portuguesa, Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, p. s.v. verboso
3. ^ a b c Cunha, Antônio Geraldo da (2010), Dicionário etimológico da língua portuguesa, 4th ed., Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, p. s.v. verbo
4. ^ Nascentes, Antenor (1966), Dicionário etimológico resumido, Rio de Janeiro: Instituto Nacional do Livro, p. s.v. verboso
5. ^ Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. s.v. uerbōsus
6. ^ de Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7, Leiden; Boston: Brill, p. s.v. verbum
7. ^ a b c Silva, António de Morais (1813), Diccionario da lingua portugueza, 2nd ed., 2 vols., Lisboa: Typographia Lacerdina, p. 2, 843
8. ^ a b Bluteau, Raphael (1712–1728), Vocabulario portuguez e latino, 8 vols. + 2 supplement vols., Coimbra / Lisboa (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. verboso
9. ^ a b c Aulete, Francisco Júlio Caldas, Dicionário contemporâneo da língua portuguesa (1st ed. 1881), online as Aulete Digital, Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, https://aulete.com.br, p. s.v. verboso
10. ^ a b Academia das Ciências de Lisboa, Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, revised online edition (2023–) of the Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa Contemporânea (2001), https://dicionario.acad-ciencias.pt, p. s.v. verboso
11. ^ Vieira, Frei Domingos (1871–1874), Grande Diccionario Portuguez ou Thesouro da lingua portugueza, 5 vols., Porto: Ernesto Chardron e Bartholomeu H. de Moraes, p. 5, 912
12. ^ a b Ferreira, Aurélio Buarque de Holanda, Novo dicionário Aurélio da língua portuguesa, digital edition, p. s.v. verboso
13. ^ Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa, Lisboa: Priberam Informática, https://dicionario.priberam.org, p. s.v. verboso