Etymologically

Etymology and origin of the Portuguese word verdade

Confidence
Established
Formation
Inherited
First attested
1200s Cantigas de Santa Maria and the Cancioneiro da Ajuda More words from the 13th century
Inherited from
Latin veritas
Ultimate origin
Proto-Indo-European *weh₁-ro-
Etymology tree
inherited borrowed derived
Latin vērus
Italian vero
Romanian văr
Romanian vară
Latin vēritās
Portuguese verdade
Spanish verdad
French vérité
Italian verità
From the same root
Latin vērātrum ← vērus
Latin vērāx ← vērus
Latin vērē ← vērus
Latin vēridicus ← vērus
Latin vērificō ← vērus
Latin vērisimilis ← vērus
Latin vērō ← vērus
Latin vērum ← vērus
Latin verumdictum ← vērus
Italian davvero ← vero
Italian veramente ← vero
Romanian verișoară ← vară
English verity ← vēritās
French véritable ← vēritās

Pronunciation

  • Brazil: /veʁˈda.d͡ʒi/, [veɦˈda.d͡ʒi][1]
  • São-Paulo: /veɾˈda.d͡ʒi/[1]
  • Rio-de-Janeiro: /veʁˈda.d͡ʒi/[1]
  • Caipira: /veɻˈda.d͡ʒi/, /veɹ.ˈda.di/, /veɹ.ˈda.d͡ʒi/[1]

Forms

verdade f (plural verdades)[1] Houaiss records the 14th-century spelling uerdade.[2] Brazilian informal writing abbreviates the word as vdd.[1]

Etymology

It is inherited from Latin vēritās (“truth”), from its accusative form, written Old Galician-Portuguese verdade in the oldest texts.[2][3][4][1]

The same Latin word is Galician verdade, Spanish verdad, Occitan verdat and Italian verità.[5] A popular Old French verté once existed, but French vérité was taken from Latin.[1][6] Portuguese derived verdadeiro from the noun, and Spanish verdadero is parallel.[5]

The Latin noun is formed from vērus (“true”) with the suffix -tās.[7][1] De Vaan derives the adjective from *wēro- and Proto-Indo-European *weh₁-ro- (“true”), the source also of Old Irish fír and Old High German wār.[8]

Earliest recorded meaning

The word is common in 13th-century poetry: the Cancioneiro da Ajuda has dizer verdade “to tell the truth”, and in the Cantigas de Santa Maria someone is begged rogo-te que digas verdade “I ask you to tell the truth”.[9] Houaiss and Cunha date it to the 13th century.[2][3]

Semantic evolution

In the cantigas d'amigo por verdade meant “truly, certainly”, aver verdade “to be truthful”, and o sen verdade was “the liar”.[9] Viterbo (1798) records an old legal use: verdade was the property in dispute when indisputable proofs showed that it belonged to one of the parties.[10] Cunha notes that the first sense was “agreement with reality”, later extended to “frankness, sincerity”.[3] Morais (1789) adds “a true principle, a proven theorem”, and the modern dictionaries also have the faithfulness of a picture to its model.[11][12] The sense “truthfulness, honesty” of a person is now archaic.[1]

Timeline

  • 13th century – dizer verdade in the Cancioneiro da Ajuda and the Cantigas de Santa Maria.[9]
  • 14th century – the spelling uerdade.[2]
  • c. 1400 – a Flos Sanctorum fragment (copied 1380–1425) uses the word.[13]
  • 1520 – a private letter abbreviates it vdade.[14]
  • 1569 – Cardoso glosses Verdade with the Latin verum and veritas.[15]
  • 1611 – Barbosa adds Em verdade “certainly”.[16]
  • 1755 – Folqman lists Na verdade and Homem de verdade.[17]
  • 1789 – Morais adds the sense “true principle, proven theorem”.[11]
  • 1798 – Viterbo explains the old legal use of the word.[10]

Meanings

Noun

  1. truth: agreement with the facts or with reality; accuracy: a verdade de um relato.[2][12][1]
  2. Faithfulness of a representation to its model: Há muita verdade neste retrato.[2][12]
  3. A true thing, fact or statement: Contou-nos apenas meias verdades.[2][12][1]
  4. sincerity, frankness.[12][3][18]
  5. A sure principle; an axiom.[12][18]
  6. (archaic) Truthfulness, honesty.[1]

Interjection

  1. True!, indeed!, expressing agreement.[1]

Word family

  • verdadeiro

Usage notes

Common set phrases are na verdade and em verdade “in fact, actually” and de verdade “real, really”.[1][17]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c d e f g Houaiss, Antônio; Villar, Mauro de Salles (2001), Dicionário Houaiss da língua portuguesa, Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, p. s.v. verdade
  3. ^ a b c d Cunha, Antônio Geraldo da (2010), Dicionário etimológico da língua portuguesa, 4th ed., Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, p. s.v. verdade
  4. ^ Nascentes, Antenor (1966), Dicionário etimológico resumido, Rio de Janeiro: Instituto Nacional do Livro, p. s.v. verdade
  5. ^ a b Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter, p. 9228
  6. ^ Rey, Alain, ed. (1992), Dictionnaire historique de la langue française, Paris: Le Robert, p. s.v. vérité
  7. ^ Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. s.v. uēritās
  8. ^ de Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7, Leiden; Boston: Brill
  9. ^ a b c Instituto da Lingua Galega, Dicionario de dicionarios do galego medieval (DDGM), ed. Ernesto González Seoane, Santiago de Compostela: Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, https://ilg.usc.gal/ddgm, p. s.v. verdade
  10. ^ a b Viterbo, Joaquim de Santa Rosa de (1798–1799), Elucidario das palavras, termos e frases que em Portugal antiguamente se usárão, 2 vols., Lisboa: Simão Thaddeo Ferreira, p. 2, 60
  11. ^ a b Silva, António de Morais (1789), Diccionario da lingua portugueza composto pelo padre D. Rafael Bluteau, reformado, e accrescentado, 2 vols., Lisboa: Simão Thaddeo Ferreira, p. 2, 18
  12. ^ a b c d e f Ferreira, Aurélio Buarque de Holanda, Novo dicionário Aurélio da língua portuguesa, digital edition, p. s.v. verdade
  13. ^ Centro de Linguística da Universidade de Lisboa, CTA – Corpus de Textos Antigos, https://teitok.clul.ul.pt/cta, p. s.v. verdade
  14. ^ CLUL (ed.) (2014), P.S. Post Scriptum: Arquivo Digital de Escrita Quotidiana em Portugal e Espanha na Época Moderna, Lisboa: Centro de Linguística da Universidade de Lisboa, http://ps.clul.ul.pt, p. s.v. verdade
  15. ^ Cardoso, Jerónimo (1569–1570), Dictionarium ex lusitanico in latinum sermonem, Lisboa: João Álvares (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. verdade
  16. ^ Barbosa, Agostinho (1611), Dictionarium lusitanicolatinum, Braga: Fructuoso Lourenço de Basto (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. verdade
  17. ^ a b Folqman, Carlos (1755), Diccionario portuguez, e latino, Lisboa: Régia Officina Silviana (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. verdade
  18. ^ a b Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa, Lisboa: Priberam Informática, https://dicionario.priberam.org, p. s.v. verdade

Related etymologies

Cite this entry

“Verdade.” Etymologically, 15 Nov. 2026, etymologically.com/pt/verdade. Accessed 16 Nov. 2026.

Last edited on . ·