Etymology and origin of the Portuguese word verdade
- Confidence
- Established
- Formation
- Inherited
- First attested
- 1200s Cantigas de Santa Maria and the Cancioneiro da Ajuda More words from the 13th century
- Inherited from
- Latin veritas
- Ultimate origin
- Proto-Indo-European *weh₁-ro-
Etymology tree
From the same root
Pronunciation
Forms
verdade f (plural verdades)[1] Houaiss records the 14th-century spelling uerdade.[2] Brazilian informal writing abbreviates the word as vdd.[1]
Etymology
It is inherited from Latin vēritās (“truth”), from its accusative form, written Old Galician-Portuguese verdade in the oldest texts.[2][3][4][1]
The same Latin word is Galician verdade, Spanish verdad, Occitan verdat and Italian verità.[5] A popular Old French verté once existed, but French vérité was taken from Latin.[1][6] Portuguese derived verdadeiro from the noun, and Spanish verdadero is parallel.[5]
The Latin noun is formed from vērus (“true”) with the suffix -tās.[7][1] De Vaan derives the adjective from *wēro- and Proto-Indo-European *weh₁-ro- (“true”), the source also of Old Irish fír and Old High German wār.[8]
Earliest recorded meaning
The word is common in 13th-century poetry: the Cancioneiro da Ajuda has dizer verdade “to tell the truth”, and in the Cantigas de Santa Maria someone is begged rogo-te que digas verdade “I ask you to tell the truth”.[9] Houaiss and Cunha date it to the 13th century.[2][3]
Semantic evolution
In the cantigas d'amigo por verdade meant “truly, certainly”, aver verdade “to be truthful”, and o sen verdade was “the liar”.[9] Viterbo (1798) records an old legal use: verdade was the property in dispute when indisputable proofs showed that it belonged to one of the parties.[10] Cunha notes that the first sense was “agreement with reality”, later extended to “frankness, sincerity”.[3] Morais (1789) adds “a true principle, a proven theorem”, and the modern dictionaries also have the faithfulness of a picture to its model.[11][12] The sense “truthfulness, honesty” of a person is now archaic.[1]
Timeline
- 13th century – dizer verdade in the Cancioneiro da Ajuda and the Cantigas de Santa Maria.[9]
- 14th century – the spelling uerdade.[2]
- c. 1400 – a Flos Sanctorum fragment (copied 1380–1425) uses the word.[13]
- 1520 – a private letter abbreviates it vdade.[14]
- 1569 – Cardoso glosses Verdade with the Latin verum and veritas.[15]
- 1611 – Barbosa adds Em verdade “certainly”.[16]
- 1755 – Folqman lists Na verdade and Homem de verdade.[17]
- 1789 – Morais adds the sense “true principle, proven theorem”.[11]
- 1798 – Viterbo explains the old legal use of the word.[10]
Meanings
Noun
- truth: agreement with the facts or with reality; accuracy: a verdade de um relato.[2][12][1]
- Faithfulness of a representation to its model: Há muita verdade neste retrato.[2][12]
- A true thing, fact or statement: Contou-nos apenas meias verdades.[2][12][1]
- sincerity, frankness.[12][3][18]
- A sure principle; an axiom.[12][18]
- (archaic) Truthfulness, honesty.[1]
Interjection
- True!, indeed!, expressing agreement.[1]
Word family
- verdadeiro
Related words
- veracidade
- veraz
- vero
- verossímil
- Latin vēritās
- Spanish verdad
Usage notes
Common set phrases are na verdade and em verdade “in fact, actually” and de verdade “real, really”.[1][17]
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
- ^ a b c d e f g Houaiss, Antônio; Villar, Mauro de Salles (2001), Dicionário Houaiss da língua portuguesa, Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, p. s.v. verdade
- ^ a b c d Cunha, Antônio Geraldo da (2010), Dicionário etimológico da língua portuguesa, 4th ed., Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, p. s.v. verdade
- ^ Nascentes, Antenor (1966), Dicionário etimológico resumido, Rio de Janeiro: Instituto Nacional do Livro, p. s.v. verdade
- ^ a b Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter, p. 9228
- ^ Rey, Alain, ed. (1992), Dictionnaire historique de la langue française, Paris: Le Robert, p. s.v. vérité
- ^ Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. s.v. uēritās
- ^ de Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7, Leiden; Boston: Brill
- ^ a b c Instituto da Lingua Galega, Dicionario de dicionarios do galego medieval (DDGM), ed. Ernesto González Seoane, Santiago de Compostela: Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, https://ilg.usc.gal/ddgm, p. s.v. verdade
- ^ a b Viterbo, Joaquim de Santa Rosa de (1798–1799), Elucidario das palavras, termos e frases que em Portugal antiguamente se usárão, 2 vols., Lisboa: Simão Thaddeo Ferreira, p. 2, 60
- ^ a b Silva, António de Morais (1789), Diccionario da lingua portugueza composto pelo padre D. Rafael Bluteau, reformado, e accrescentado, 2 vols., Lisboa: Simão Thaddeo Ferreira, p. 2, 18
- ^ a b c d e f Ferreira, Aurélio Buarque de Holanda, Novo dicionário Aurélio da língua portuguesa, digital edition, p. s.v. verdade
- ^ Centro de Linguística da Universidade de Lisboa, CTA – Corpus de Textos Antigos, https://teitok.clul.ul.pt/cta, p. s.v. verdade
- ^ CLUL (ed.) (2014), P.S. Post Scriptum: Arquivo Digital de Escrita Quotidiana em Portugal e Espanha na Época Moderna, Lisboa: Centro de Linguística da Universidade de Lisboa, http://ps.clul.ul.pt, p. s.v. verdade
- ^ Cardoso, Jerónimo (1569–1570), Dictionarium ex lusitanico in latinum sermonem, Lisboa: João Álvares (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. verdade
- ^ Barbosa, Agostinho (1611), Dictionarium lusitanicolatinum, Braga: Fructuoso Lourenço de Basto (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. verdade
- ^ a b Folqman, Carlos (1755), Diccionario portuguez, e latino, Lisboa: Régia Officina Silviana (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. verdade
- ^ a b Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa, Lisboa: Priberam Informática, https://dicionario.priberam.org, p. s.v. verdade
Related etymologies
Cite this entry
“Verdade.” Etymologically, 15 Nov. 2026, etymologically.com/pt/verdade. Accessed 16 Nov. 2026.
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