parede

Forms

parede f (plural paredes)^[1]

Etymology

It is inherited from Late Latin parēs (“wall”), the later form of Latin pariēs, written Old Galician-Portuguese parede in the oldest texts.^[2][3][4][1] In Vulgar Latin the stress moved from ⟨i⟩ to ⟨e⟩ and the two vowels merged, giving an accusative spelt ⟨parete⟩ in inscriptions.^[5][6][1] The Latin noun was masculine; it became feminine in Portuguese, as in most of Romance.^[5][7]

The same Latin word is Galician parede, Spanish pared, Catalan paret, French paroi, Italian parete and Romanian perete.^[8][1]

The origin of the Latin word is unknown: de Vaan rejects a comparison with Germanic words for a beam, such as Old Norse sparri, as a mere paper reconstruction.^[9]

Earliest recorded meaning

A Latin charter of 883 already has the plural paredes.^[4] In Galician-Portuguese texts the word appears in the Cantigas de Santa Maria, with an image of the Virgin painted on a wall (hũa omagen ... pintada ena parede), and in a charter of 1282 (a meyadade daquela parede “half of that wall”).^[4] It meant the wall of a house, as today.^[3]

Semantic evolution

Viterbo records a parede francez, a wall of rammed earth set with stones and bricks, in documents of 14th-century Coimbra, and believes the technique came from the French.^[10] Barbosa (1611) and Morais (1789) list kinds of wall: parede ensossa, of stones laid without mortar, and parede de taipa, of rammed earth.^[11][12] Folqman (1755) has estamos de parede meias “we share a wall”.^[13]

The sense widened to anything that encloses a space, as the walls of a cupboard, and to the walls of organs and cavities in anatomy.^[2][14] The word also means a strike (greve) of workers or students, and Silva Bastos (1912) records fazer parede “to go on strike”.^[2][15] In north-eastern Brazil parede is a snack served with drinks.^[16][14]

Timeline

• 883 – the plural paredes in a Latin charter.^[4]
• 13th century – parede in the Cantigas de Santa Maria.^[4]
• 1282 – a meyadade daquela parede in a charter.^[4]
• 1324 – a parede francez in a document of Coimbra.^[10]
• 1430 – first record in the CTA, in the Horto do Esposo.^[17]
• 1569 – Cardoso glosses parede with Latin paries.^[18]
• 1611 – Barbosa lists parede entre duas casas and parede ensossa.^[11]
• 1912 – Silva Bastos records fazer parede “to strike”.^[15]

Meanings

Noun

1. A wall, usually of masonry, that closes the outside of a building or divides its rooms.^[2][14][1]
2. A light dividing wall of wood; a partition.^[2][14]
3. Anything that encloses or divides a space: as paredes da gaveta.^[2][19]
4. (anatomy, botany) Any structure that bounds an organ or cavity: a parede do estômago.^[2][14]
5. A strike of workers or students; greve.^[2][20]
6. (figurative) An obstacle, a barrier.^[21]
7. (Brazil, football) A wall of players shielding the goalkeeper.^[2]
8. (north-eastern Brazil) A snack served with drinks.^[16][14]

Word family

• emparedar
• paredão

Related words

• parietal
• Latin pariēs
• Galician parede
• Spanish pared

Usage notes

Paredes meias are walls shared by two buildings;^[21][22] Vieira's parede meia is one built at the joint cost of both owners.^[21][22]

References

1. ^ a b c d e f g h i Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f g h i Houaiss, Antônio; Villar, Mauro de Salles (2001), Dicionário Houaiss da língua portuguesa, Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, p. s.v. parede
3. ^ a b Cunha, Antônio Geraldo da (2010), Dicionário etimológico da língua portuguesa, 4th ed., Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, p. s.v. parede
4. ^ a b c d e f Instituto da Lingua Galega, Dicionario de dicionarios do galego medieval (DDGM), ed. Ernesto González Seoane, Santiago de Compostela: Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, https://ilg.usc.gal/ddgm, p. s.v. parede
5. ^ a b Nascentes, Antenor (1955), Dicionário etimológico da língua portuguesa, vol. 1: Nomes comuns, Rio de Janeiro (1st ed. 1932, preface by W. Meyer-Lübke), p. 381
6. ^ Nascentes, Antenor (1966), Dicionário etimológico resumido, Rio de Janeiro: Instituto Nacional do Livro, p. s.v. parede
7. ^ Corominas, Joan; Pascual, José A. (1980–1991), Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico, 6 vols., Madrid: Gredos, p. 4, 400
8. ^ Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter, p. 6242
9. ^ de Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7, Leiden; Boston: Brill
10. ^ a b Viterbo, Joaquim de Santa Rosa de (1798–1799), Elucidario das palavras, termos e frases que em Portugal antiguamente se usárão, 2 vols., Lisboa: Simão Thaddeo Ferreira, p. 2, 203
11. ^ a b Barbosa, Agostinho (1611), Dictionarium lusitanicolatinum, Braga: Fructuoso Lourenço de Basto (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. parede
12. ^ Silva, António de Morais (1789), Diccionario da lingua portugueza composto pelo padre D. Rafael Bluteau, reformado, e accrescentado, 2 vols., Lisboa: Simão Thaddeo Ferreira, p. 2, 159
13. ^ Folqman, Carlos (1755), Diccionario portuguez, e latino, Lisboa: Régia Officina Silviana (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. parede
14. ^ a b c d e f Ferreira, Aurélio Buarque de Holanda, Novo dicionário Aurélio da língua portuguesa, digital edition, p. s.v. parede
15. ^ a b Silva Bastos, José Timóteo da (1912), Diccionario etymologico, prosodico e orthographico da lingua portugueza, Lisboa: Parceria António Maria Pereira, p. s.v. parede
16. ^ a b Navarro, Fred (2004), Dicionário do Nordeste, São Paulo: Estação Liberdade, p. s.v. parede
17. ^ Centro de Linguística da Universidade de Lisboa, CTA – Corpus de Textos Antigos, https://teitok.clul.ul.pt/cta, p. s.v. parede
18. ^ Cardoso, Jerónimo (1569–1570), Dictionarium ex lusitanico in latinum sermonem, Lisboa: João Álvares (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. parede
19. ^ Aulete, Francisco Júlio Caldas, Dicionário contemporâneo da língua portuguesa (1st ed. 1881), online as Aulete Digital, Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, https://aulete.com.br, p. s.v. parede
20. ^ Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa, Lisboa: Priberam Informática, https://dicionario.priberam.org, p. s.v. parede
21. ^ a b c Porto Editora (2013), Grande Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, Porto: Porto Editora, p. 6914
22. ^ a b Vieira, Frei Domingos (1871–1874), Grande Diccionario Portuguez ou Thesouro da lingua portugueza, 5 vols., Porto: Ernesto Chardron e Bartholomeu H. de Moraes, p. 4, 667