Etymologically

Etymology and origin of the Portuguese word inchação

Confidence
Probable
Formation
Inherited
First attested
1200s Cantigas de Santa Maria More words from the 13th century
Inherited from
Latin inflatio
Ultimate origin
Latin inflō
Etymology tree
inherited borrowed derived
Proto-Indo-European *bʰleh₁-
Latin fleō
Latin flō
Latin īnflō
French enfler
Italian enfiare
Portuguese inchar
Romanian umfla
Spanish hinchar
Spanish inflar
Latin īnflātiō
Italian enfiagione
Portuguese inchação
English inflation
The word's journey
From the same root
Latin dēfleō ← fleō
Latin flēbilis ← fleō
Latin flētus ← fleō
Latin afflō ← flō
Latin cōnflō ← flō
Latin efflo ← flō
Latin flābrum ← flō
Latin flāmen ← flō
Latin flātō ← flō
Latin flātor ← flō
Latin flātus ← flō
Latin perflo ← flō
Latin sufflō ← flō
Spanish hallar ← flō
Latin inflātus ← īnflō
Romanian umflăciune ← umfla
English inflationary ← īnflātiō

Pronunciation

  • Brazil: /ĩ.ʃaˈsɐ̃w̃/, [ĩ.ʃaˈsɐ̃ʊ̯̃][1]
  • Portugal: /ĩ.ʃɐˈsɐ̃w̃/[1]
  • Northern, Portugal: /ĩt.ʃɐˈsɐ̃w̃/[1]

Forms

inchação f (plural inchações)[1] The medieval form was inchaçon.[2][3] Houaiss records inchação from 1594.[2] A letter of 1769 spells it emchacão.[4]

Etymology

It is inherited from Latin inflātiō (“swelling; flatulence”), written Old Galician-Portuguese inchaçon in the oldest texts.[2][1][3] Houaiss calls it a popular development, and its learned doublet is inflação, borrowed later.[2][1] The Latin noun is formed from inflō (“to blow into, inflate”) with the suffix -tiō.[5][1] The verb inchar continues the Latin verb in the same way, beside the learned inflar.[6]

Cunha, as Houaiss reports, prefers to see a Portuguese formation from the verb with -ção, and Vieira and Wiktionary also give that analysis of the form.[2][7][1]

The same Latin word is Spanish hinchazón, Italian enfiagione, Old Occitan enflazó, French enflaison (dialectal) and Romanian umflăciune (archaic).[8][1]

Earliest recorded meaning

A miracle of the Cantigas de Santa Maria describes a swelling of the arm: Mais a inchaçon foi fora, / E en mui pequeno tenpo foi o braço tan inchado / que mais seer non podia “but the swelling spread, and in a very short time the arm was so swollen that it could swell no more”.[3]

Semantic evolution

The word has kept its bodily sense since the medieval texts.[2][3] Medieval Latin had already used its Latin source for pride, and Houaiss lists “arrogance, vanity” among the senses of the Portuguese word.[9][2] Vieira (1871–1874) gives a medical sense, a swollen state of a part of the body or a tumour, and the figurative senses “extraordinary growth”, the swelling of the waves, and pride or vanity.[7] Figueiredo labels “tumour” popular and “vanity” familiar.[10] Aurélio names the popular synonyms inchaço and inchume, and mondrongo in north-eastern Brazil.[11]

Timeline

  • 13th century – inchaçon in the Cantigas de Santa Maria.[3][2]
  • 1563 – first record of the learned doublet inflação.[12]
  • 1594 – the spelling inchação.[2]
  • 1769 – emchacão in a private letter.[4]
  • 1871–1874 – Vieira records the medical and figurative senses.[7]

Meanings

Noun

  1. The act or effect of swelling (inchar).[2][13]
  2. An increase in volume; distension.[2][13][14]
  3. (medicine) A swelling of the body or of a part of it; oedema, a tumour: Ele ficou com uma inchação no tornozelo.[2][15][16]
  4. (figurative) arrogance, vanity, presumption.[2][13][11]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Houaiss, Antônio; Villar, Mauro de Salles (2001), Dicionário Houaiss da língua portuguesa, Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, p. s.v. inchação
  3. ^ a b c d e Instituto da Lingua Galega, Dicionario de dicionarios do galego medieval (DDGM), ed. Ernesto González Seoane, Santiago de Compostela: Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, https://ilg.usc.gal/ddgm, p. s.v. inchaçon
  4. ^ a b CLUL (ed.) (2014), P.S. Post Scriptum: Arquivo Digital de Escrita Quotidiana em Portugal e Espanha na Época Moderna, Lisboa: Centro de Linguística da Universidade de Lisboa, http://ps.clul.ul.pt, p. s.v. inchação
  5. ^ Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. s.v. inflatio
  6. ^ Houaiss, Antônio; Villar, Mauro de Salles (2001), Dicionário Houaiss da língua portuguesa, Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, p. s.v. inchar
  7. ^ a b c Vieira, Frei Domingos (1871–1874), Grande Diccionario Portuguez ou Thesouro da lingua portugueza, 5 vols., Porto: Ernesto Chardron e Bartholomeu H. de Moraes, p. 3, 1061
  8. ^ Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter, p. 4407
  9. ^ Niermeyer, J. F. (1976), Mediae Latinitatis Lexicon Minus, Leiden: Brill, p. s.v. inflatio
  10. ^ Figueiredo, Cândido de (1899), Novo diccionário da língua portuguesa, 1st ed., 2 vols., Lisboa: Tavares Cardoso & Irmão, p. s.v. inchação
  11. ^ a b Ferreira, Aurélio Buarque de Holanda, Novo dicionário Aurélio da língua portuguesa, digital edition, p. s.v. inchação
  12. ^ Houaiss, Antônio; Villar, Mauro de Salles (2001), Dicionário Houaiss da língua portuguesa, Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, p. s.v. inflação
  13. ^ a b c Academia das Ciências de Lisboa, Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, revised online edition (2023–) of the Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa Contemporânea (2001), https://dicionario.acad-ciencias.pt, p. s.v. inchação
  14. ^ Porto Editora (2013), Grande Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, Porto: Porto Editora, p. 5166
  15. ^ Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa, Lisboa: Priberam Informática, https://dicionario.priberam.org, p. s.v. inchação
  16. ^ Michaelis: Moderno Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, São Paulo: Melhoramentos (online as Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa, https://michaelis.uol.com.br), p. s.v. inchação

Related etymologies

Cite this entry

“Inchação.” Etymologically, 15 Nov. 2026, etymologically.com/pt/incha%C3%A7%C3%A3o. Accessed 16 Nov. 2026.

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