Etymology and origin of the Portuguese word indiano
- Confidence
- Established
- Formation
- Borrowing
- First attested
- c. 1539 a text Houaiss cites as JCasD More words from the 16th century
- Borrowed from
- Latin indianus
- Ultimate origin
- Latin indiānus
Etymology tree
Pronunciation
Forms
indiano (feminine indiana, masculine plural indianos, feminine plural indianas, not comparable)[1]
Etymology
It is borrowed from Latin indiānus (“Indian”), a learned word;[2][3][4][1] Cunha calls the Latin word Late Latin.[2][3][4][1] Wiktionary and the DLP also analyse it as a Portuguese formation, the place name Índia with the suffix -ano.[1][5] In classical Latin the adjective is known mainly from the name of a cavalry unit, the ⟨ala Indiana⟩, which the OLD explains as named after a man called Julius Indus rather than after India.[6][7]
Earliest recorded meaning
Houaiss dates the word to about 1539, from a text he cites as JCasD, in the sense “of India, in Asia; a native or inhabitant of India”.[2] A private letter of 1561 has the plural indianos.[8]
Semantic evolution
Pereira (1697) gives indiano beside indiático and renders it in Latin as “an Oriental”, and Figueiredo (1899) defines it as “relating to India; a native of India”.[9][10] Aurélio and Houaiss give índio and hindu as synonyms.[11][2] The phrase em fila indiana “in Indian file” means one behind another.[11][5]
Timeline
- c. 1539 – Houaiss's first record.[2]
- 1561 – indianos in a private letter.[8]
- 1697 – Pereira lists Indiano, ou Indiatico.[9]
- 1899 – Figueiredo defines adjective and noun.[10]
- 1948 – Houaiss's date for the unrelated indiano of Indiaporã.[2]
Meanings
Adjective
Noun
Related words
- índio
- hindu
- indiático
- Latin indiānus
Usage notes
Indiano also names a native or inhabitant of Indiaporã in São Paulo state, from the place name with the suffix -ano;[2][13] Houaiss dates it to 1948, from the IBGE.[2][13] Houaiss's feminine noun indiana, a kind of banana plant in Brazil, is from 1899.[14]
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Houaiss, Antônio; Villar, Mauro de Salles (2001), Dicionário Houaiss da língua portuguesa, Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, p. s.v. indiano
- ^ a b Cunha, Antônio Geraldo da (2010), Dicionário etimológico da língua portuguesa, 4th ed., Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, p. s.v. índio
- ^ a b Nascentes, Antenor (1966), Dicionário etimológico resumido, Rio de Janeiro: Instituto Nacional do Livro, p. s.v. indiano
- ^ a b c Academia das Ciências de Lisboa, Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, revised online edition (2023–) of the Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa Contemporânea (2001), https://dicionario.acad-ciencias.pt, p. s.v. indiano
- ^ Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
- ^ Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- ^ a b CLUL (ed.) (2014), P.S. Post Scriptum: Arquivo Digital de Escrita Quotidiana em Portugal e Espanha na Época Moderna, Lisboa: Centro de Linguística da Universidade de Lisboa, http://ps.clul.ul.pt, p. s.v. indiano
- ^ a b Pereira, Bento (1697), Thesouro da lingoa portuguesa, in the 1697 edition of his Prosodia (1st ed. 1647; CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. indiano
- ^ a b Figueiredo, Cândido de (1899), Novo diccionário da língua portuguesa, 1st ed., 2 vols., Lisboa: Tavares Cardoso & Irmão, p. 746
- ^ a b c Ferreira, Aurélio Buarque de Holanda, Novo dicionário Aurélio da língua portuguesa, digital edition, p. s.v. indiano
- ^ a b Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa, Lisboa: Priberam Informática, https://dicionario.priberam.org, p. s.v. indiano
- ^ a b Michaelis: Moderno Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, São Paulo: Melhoramentos (online as Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa, https://michaelis.uol.com.br), p. s.v. indiano
- ^ Houaiss, Antônio; Villar, Mauro de Salles (2001), Dicionário Houaiss da língua portuguesa, Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, p. s.v. indiana
Related etymologies
Cite this entry
“Indiano.” Etymologically, 15 Nov. 2026, etymologically.com/pt/indiano. Accessed 16 Nov. 2026.
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