Etymologically

Etymology and origin of the Portuguese word indiano

Confidence
Established
Formation
Borrowing
First attested
c. 1539 a text Houaiss cites as JCasD More words from the 16th century
Borrowed from
Latin indianus
Ultimate origin
Latin indiānus
Etymology tree
inherited borrowed derived
Ancient Greek Ἰνδός (Indós)
Latin Indus
Ancient Greek Ἰνδία (Indía)
Latin India
English India
Latin indiānus
Italian indiano
Portuguese indiano
Spanish indiano
The word's journey
From the same root
Ancient Greek Ἰνδικός (Indikós) ← Ἰνδία
English Indian ← India

Pronunciation

  • Brazil: /ĩ.d͡ʒiˈɐ̃.nu/, /ĩˈd͡ʒjɐ̃.nu/[1]
  • Portugal: /ĩˈdjɐ.nu/[1]
  • Northern, Portugal: /ĩˈdja.nu/[1]

Forms

indiano (feminine indiana, masculine plural indianos, feminine plural indianas, not comparable)[1]

Etymology

It is borrowed from Latin indiānus (“Indian”), a learned word;[2][3][4][1] Cunha calls the Latin word Late Latin.[2][3][4][1] Wiktionary and the DLP also analyse it as a Portuguese formation, the place name Índia with the suffix -ano.[1][5] In classical Latin the adjective is known mainly from the name of a cavalry unit, the ⟨ala Indiana⟩, which the OLD explains as named after a man called Julius Indus rather than after India.[6][7]

Earliest recorded meaning

Houaiss dates the word to about 1539, from a text he cites as JCasD, in the sense “of India, in Asia; a native or inhabitant of India”.[2] A private letter of 1561 has the plural indianos.[8]

Semantic evolution

Pereira (1697) gives indiano beside indiático and renders it in Latin as “an Oriental”, and Figueiredo (1899) defines it as “relating to India; a native of India”.[9][10] Aurélio and Houaiss give índio and hindu as synonyms.[11][2] The phrase em fila indiana “in Indian file” means one behind another.[11][5]

Timeline

  • c. 1539 – Houaiss's first record.[2]
  • 1561 – indianos in a private letter.[8]
  • 1697 – Pereira lists Indiano, ou Indiatico.[9]
  • 1899 – Figueiredo defines adjective and noun.[10]
  • 1948 – Houaiss's date for the unrelated indiano of Indiaporã.[2]

Meanings

Adjective

  1. Indian: of or relating to India or its people: a cozinha indiana.[2][11][12][1]

Noun

  1. An Indian: a native, inhabitant or citizen of India.[2][12][5][1]

Usage notes

Indiano also names a native or inhabitant of Indiaporã in São Paulo state, from the place name with the suffix -ano;[2][13] Houaiss dates it to 1948, from the IBGE.[2][13] Houaiss's feminine noun indiana, a kind of banana plant in Brazil, is from 1899.[14]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Houaiss, Antônio; Villar, Mauro de Salles (2001), Dicionário Houaiss da língua portuguesa, Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, p. s.v. indiano
  3. ^ a b Cunha, Antônio Geraldo da (2010), Dicionário etimológico da língua portuguesa, 4th ed., Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, p. s.v. índio
  4. ^ a b Nascentes, Antenor (1966), Dicionário etimológico resumido, Rio de Janeiro: Instituto Nacional do Livro, p. s.v. indiano
  5. ^ a b c Academia das Ciências de Lisboa, Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, revised online edition (2023–) of the Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa Contemporânea (2001), https://dicionario.acad-ciencias.pt, p. s.v. indiano
  6. ^ Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
  7. ^ Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  8. ^ a b CLUL (ed.) (2014), P.S. Post Scriptum: Arquivo Digital de Escrita Quotidiana em Portugal e Espanha na Época Moderna, Lisboa: Centro de Linguística da Universidade de Lisboa, http://ps.clul.ul.pt, p. s.v. indiano
  9. ^ a b Pereira, Bento (1697), Thesouro da lingoa portuguesa, in the 1697 edition of his Prosodia (1st ed. 1647; CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. indiano
  10. ^ a b Figueiredo, Cândido de (1899), Novo diccionário da língua portuguesa, 1st ed., 2 vols., Lisboa: Tavares Cardoso & Irmão, p. 746
  11. ^ a b c Ferreira, Aurélio Buarque de Holanda, Novo dicionário Aurélio da língua portuguesa, digital edition, p. s.v. indiano
  12. ^ a b Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa, Lisboa: Priberam Informática, https://dicionario.priberam.org, p. s.v. indiano
  13. ^ a b Michaelis: Moderno Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, São Paulo: Melhoramentos (online as Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa, https://michaelis.uol.com.br), p. s.v. indiano
  14. ^ Houaiss, Antônio; Villar, Mauro de Salles (2001), Dicionário Houaiss da língua portuguesa, Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, p. s.v. indiana

Related etymologies

Cite this entry

“Indiano.” Etymologically, 15 Nov. 2026, etymologically.com/pt/indiano. Accessed 16 Nov. 2026.

Last edited on . ·