hospedar

Forms

hospedar (first-person singular present hospedo, first-person singular preterite hospedei, past participle hospedado)^[1] The medieval spelling was ospedar;^[2][3][4] Houaiss records it until 1562.^[2][3][4]

Etymology

It is inherited from Late Latin hospitō (“to lodge, receive as a guest”), written Old Galician-Portuguese ospedar in the oldest texts.^[1][5][2] The DDGM, the DLP and Michaelis name the classical deponent hospitor, and Aurélio an unattested active form in its place.^[2][6][7][8] Houaiss and Priberam see instead a derivative, from Portuguese hóspede + -ar.^[3][9]

The same Latin verb is Spanish hospedar, recorded about 1140, Galician hospedar and Romanian ospăta.^[5][10][1]

The Latin verb is from hospes (“guest; host”).^[1] De Vaan explains the noun as a compound of hostis and the root of potis, with Proto-Italic *χostipot- as its Proto-Italic form;^[11][1] Wiktionary reconstructs Proto-Indo-European *gʰóstipotis and compares Proto-Slavic *gospodь.^[11][1]

Earliest recorded meaning

A Galician document of 1228 has in casa dalguum uiçino quiser ospedar no Burgo “if he wishes to lodge in the house of some neighbour in the Burgo”.^[2] The Regra de São Bento of the 14th century writes per tres ou quatro dias per desvayradas celas son ospedados “for three or four days they are lodged in different cells”.^[2] Houaiss and Cunha date the word to the 14th century.^[3][4]

Semantic evolution

Morais (1813) defines it as giving lodging, receiving someone into one's house and sheltering them free or for money, and Vieira quotes Francisco Rodrigues Lobo for shepherds who lodged travellers.^[12][13] Figueiredo (1899) has the reflexive hospedar-se “to become a guest, take lodgings”.^[14] Modern senses extend the verb to giving shelter in general, to biology, of an organism that hosts a parasite, and to computing, of a server that hosts a website.^[3][9]

Timeline

• 1228 – ospedar in a Galician document.^[2]
• 14th century – ospedados in the Regra de São Bento.^[2][3]
• 1562 – the spelling ospedar.^[3]
• 1697 – Pereira renders it with Latin hospitio suscipere.^[15]
• 1813 – Morais: to lodge someone free or for money.^[12]
• 1899 – Figueiredo records the reflexive hospedar-se.^[14]

Meanings

Verb

1. (transitive) To lodge, receive someone as a guest; to host.^[3][6][1]
2. (pronominal) To stay as a guest, take lodgings: hospedou-se numa pensão.^[3][8]
3. (transitive) To shelter, house.^[3][7]
4. (biology) To act as the host of a parasite.^[3][9]
5. (computing) To host a website, providing the server, software and connection for it.^[3][9]

Word family

• hospedagem
• hospedável

Related words

• hóspede
• hospedeiro
• hospedaria
• hospital
• hospitalidade
• Latin hospes
• Spanish hospedar

References

1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f g h Instituto da Lingua Galega, Dicionario de dicionarios do galego medieval (DDGM), ed. Ernesto González Seoane, Santiago de Compostela: Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, https://ilg.usc.gal/ddgm, p. s.v. ospedar
3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Houaiss, Antônio; Villar, Mauro de Salles (2001), Dicionário Houaiss da língua portuguesa, Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, p. s.v. hospedar
4. ^ a b c Cunha, Antônio Geraldo da (2010), Dicionário etimológico da língua portuguesa, 4th ed., Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, p. s.v. hóspede
5. ^ a b Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter, p. 4199
6. ^ a b Academia das Ciências de Lisboa, Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, revised online edition (2023–) of the Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa Contemporânea (2001), https://dicionario.acad-ciencias.pt, p. s.v. hospedar
7. ^ a b Michaelis: Moderno Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, São Paulo: Melhoramentos (online as Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa, https://michaelis.uol.com.br), p. s.v. hospedar
8. ^ a b Ferreira, Aurélio Buarque de Holanda, Novo dicionário Aurélio da língua portuguesa, digital edition, p. s.v. hospedar
9. ^ a b c d Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa, Lisboa: Priberam Informática, https://dicionario.priberam.org, p. s.v. hospedar
10. ^ Corominas, Joan (1973), Breve diccionario etimológico de la lengua castellana, 3rd ed., Madrid: Gredos, p. s.v. huésped
11. ^ a b de Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7, Leiden; Boston: Brill
12. ^ a b Silva, António de Morais (1813), Diccionario da lingua portugueza, 2nd ed., 2 vols., Lisboa: Typographia Lacerdina, p. 2, 121
13. ^ Vieira, Frei Domingos (1871–1874), Grande Diccionario Portuguez ou Thesouro da lingua portugueza, 5 vols., Porto: Ernesto Chardron e Bartholomeu H. de Moraes, p. 3, 989
14. ^ a b Figueiredo, Cândido de (1899), Novo diccionário da língua portuguesa, 1st ed., 2 vols., Lisboa: Tavares Cardoso & Irmão, p. s.v. hospedar
15. ^ Pereira, Bento (1697), Thesouro da lingoa portuguesa, in the 1697 edition of his Prosodia (1st ed. 1647; CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. hospedar